Characterization of solid and aqueous phases of a peat bog profile using molecular fluorescence spectroscopy, ESR and FT-IR, and comparison with physical properties

Cocozza, Claudio; D’Orazio, Valeria; Miano, Teodoro; Shotyk, William

doi:10.1016/s0146-6380(02)00208-5

Cited by 176 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…They indicate an enrichment of polyphenols and aromatic carbon with depth, which is in line with the current understanding of peat development in peatlands (Cocozza et al, 2003;Zaccone et al, 2007;Klavins et al, 2008;Delarue et al, 2011;Leifeld et al, 2012Leifeld et al, , 2017. The increased H / C and O / C ratios in the grass-and cropland topsoils can be attributed to inputs of fresh plant litter to the topsoil via above-and belowground residues, as such residues are rich in carbohydrates (Koegel-Knabner, 2002).…”

Section: Som Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 69%

Peat decomposability in managed organic soils in relation to land use, organic matter composition and temperature

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Organic soils comprise a large yet fragile carbon (C) store in the global C cycle. Drainage, necessary for agriculture and forestry, triggers rapid decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM), typically increasing in the order forest < grassland < cropland. However, there is also large variation in decomposition due to differences in hydrological conditions, climate and specific management. Here we studied the role of SOM composition on peat decomposability in a variety of differently managed drained organic soils. We collected a total of 560 samples from 21 organic cropland, grassland and forest soils in Switzerland, monitored their CO 2 emission rates in lab incubation experiments over 6 months at two temperatures (10 and 20 • C) and related them to various soil characteristics, including bulk density, pH, soil organic carbon (SOC) content and elemental ratios (C / N, H / C and O / C). CO 2 release ranged from 6 to 195 mg CO 2 -C g −1 SOC at 10 • C and from 12 to 423 mg g −1 at 20 • C. This variation occurring under controlled conditions suggests that besides soil water regime, weather and management, SOM composition may be an underestimated factor that determines CO 2 fluxes measured in field experiments. However, correlations between the investigated chemical SOM characteristics and CO 2 emissions were weak. The latter also did not show a dependence on land-use type, although peat under forest was decomposed the least. High CO 2 emissions in some topsoils were probably related to the accrual of labile crop residues. A comparison with published CO 2 rates from incubated mineral soils indicated no difference in SOM decomposability between these soil classes, suggesting that accumulation of recent, labile plant materials that presumably account for most of the evolved CO 2 is not systematically different between mineral and organic soils. In our data set, temperature sensitivity of decomposition (Q 10 on average 2.57 ± 0.05) was the same for all land uses but lowest below 60 cm in croplands and grasslands. This, in turn, indicates a relative accumulation of recalcitrant peat in topsoils.

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Section: Som Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 69%

Peat decomposability in managed organic soils in relation to land use, organic matter composition and temperature

et al. 2018

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“…FT-IR is rapid, automated, non-destructive and is not biased to any particular group of chemicals and so generates 'holistic' fingerprints of the biological samples under investigation 13,18 . Although FT-IR spectroscopy has been used previously in the characterisation of peat from different depths in a profile 5,11 and distinct vegetation zones in and bordering a Scots pine woodland 3 , it has not been used to classify peat from different geographical locations as employed here.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation of Peats Used in the Preparation of Malt for Scotch Whisky Production Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Harrison

Ellis

Broadhurst

et al. 2006

Journal of the Institute of Brewing

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It is not known if peats derived from different areas of Scotland have distinctive chemical constituents that could impact on malt whisky in discernible organoleptic ways. Fourier transforminfrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used as a high throughput screening method to investigate discrimination of a large number of peat samples from six different geographical origins around Scotland. The data were analysed statistically (using principal component-discriminant function analysis) and the results showed a difference between peat samples from different geographical origins. Therefore, we have shown that FT-IR spectroscopy provides a quick and simple method for differentiating peat types.

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“…4). In addition, two broad bands at~1620 and~1405 cm −1 are present and originate from organic matter (Table 6) (Celi et al 1997;Cocozza et al 2003;Tivet et al 2013) and water, because the bands become weaker after heating at 180°C and disappear almost completely after treatment with hydrogen peroxide (see Szymański et al 2014). The presence of~2926 and 2855 cm −1 bands is associated with methyl and methylene groups, respectively (Ellerbrock and Gerke 2004), while the wide band at~3430 cm −1 indicates H-O-H vibrations of structurally adsorbed water molecules (Table 6) (Bain and Fraser 1994;Besson and Drits 1997;Madejová 2003).…”

Section: Ftir Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of redox processes on clay mineral transformation in Retisols in the Carpathian Foothills in Poland. Is a ferrolysis process present?

Szymański

Skiba

Błachowski³

2016

J Soils Sediments

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Purpose Ferrolysis is a soil-forming process, which involves destruction of clay minerals due to cyclic reduction and oxidation in acidic and periodically wet soils. The main objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to determine the influence of redox processes on clay mineral transformation in Retisols (Albeluvisols) in the Carpathian Foothills in Poland and (2) to verify the occurrence of ferrolysis in Retisols showing various degrees of bleaching. Materials and methods Twelve representative soil profiles were selected for analysis. All were formed entirely from loess except for two profiles, in which the lowermost horizons (2C) had developed from weathered flysch rocks residuum. Soil mineral analysis was done using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS). Results and discussion The obtained results indicate that the qualitative and quantitative mineral compositions of the clay fraction in the E and Eg horizons obtained from Retisols in the Carpathian Foothills exhibiting marked differences in bleaching (strong, moderate, weak, and lack of bleaching) caused by periodic stagnation of water above a slowly permeable fragipan and cyclic redox processes are the same. The E and Eg horizons are characterized by the presence of 2:1 clay minerals with likely organic interlayer fillings, dioctahedral mica, kaolinite, and chlorite. Conclusions The results indicate that (1) redox processes occurring in the soils do not affect clay mineral transformation in Retisols of the Carpathian Foothills in Poland and (2) ferrolysis is not the main soil-forming process operating in these soils. This is most likely because ironbearing minerals are not abundant in the Retisols and/or undergo eluviation to the lower part of the soil profiles. The lower content of the clay fraction in the E and Eg horizons versus that in the lower soil horizons of the Retisols is related to clay illuviation (lessivage), and not to clay decomposition due to ferrolysis.

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Characterization of solid and aqueous phases of a peat bog profile using molecular fluorescence spectroscopy, ESR and FT-IR, and comparison with physical properties

Cited by 176 publications

References 26 publications

Peat decomposability in managed organic soils in relation to land use, organic matter composition and temperature

Peat decomposability in managed organic soils in relation to land use, organic matter composition and temperature

Differentiation of Peats Used in the Preparation of Malt for Scotch Whisky Production Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Influence of redox processes on clay mineral transformation in Retisols in the Carpathian Foothills in Poland. Is a ferrolysis process present?

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