Characterization of soluble and membrane‐bound alkaline phosphatase in Nilaparvata lugens and their potential relation to development and insecticide resistance

Abstract

Two forms (soluble and membrane-bound) of alkaline phosphatases (ALPs) were found in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. In order to further study ALPs in N. lugens, two putative ALP genes (Nl-ALP1 and Nl-ALP2) were identified in this pest. Both Nl-ALP1 and Nl-ALP2 show approximately the same degree of sequence identity (40-50%) to other insect soluble and membrane-bound forms of ALP. Correlation of ALP activity and mRNA levels at different developmental stages, or following application of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and insecticide fenvalerate, suggests that Nl-ALP1 and Nl-ALP2 might encode a soluble (sALP) and a membrane-bound ALP (mALP), respectively. Nl-ALP1-specific antibody Nl1-I detected only a specific band in soluble protein preparations and Nl-ALP2 specific antibody Nl2-I only detected a specific band in insoluble protein preparations, which provided conclusive linkages between Nl-ALP1 and a sALP and between Nl-ALP2 and a m ALP. Then, Nl-ALP1 was denoted as Nl-sALP for a sALP and Nl-ALP2 was denoted as Nl-mALP for a mALP. Only sALP activity and Nl-sALP mRNA level were induced by 20E and fenvalerate, which was confirmed by the density of specific band detected by Nl1-I in Sus strain with or without fenvalerate treatment. Additionally, the sALP activity, as well as Nl-sALP mRNA level, was significantly higher in a fenvalerate resistant population, compared with Sus strain. These results indicate that the sALP is more responsive to chemical stimulus, such as hormone and insecticide, and might play dual roles in development and insecticide tolerance.

Ran Involved in the Development and Reproduction Is a Potential Target for RNA-Interference-Based Pest Management in Nilaparvata lugens

“…Considerable quantities of insecticides are applied in attempts to control N . lugens each season with serious consequences of insecticide resistance development [ 18 , 19 ]. To efficiently control N .…”

Enhanced toxicity of Cry2Ab with cantharidin and its analogues on Mythimna separata

“…Detoxifying enzyme GST activities are correlated to larval resistance to B. thuringiensis subsp. Israelensis, and CarE is inhibited by several pesticides at different levels (Wang et al 2011;Boyer et al 2012). The results suggested that the reduction in ALP and ACP activities may damage the larval hydrolytic system; M. separata are prevented from this kind of harm by increasing CarE and GST activities; therefore, enzyme activities may lead to M. separata larval weight loss.…”

“…Israelensis , and CarE is inhibited by several pesticides at different levels (Wang et al. ; Boyer et al. ).…”

Purification and biochemical properties of highly efficient alkaline phosphatase from Fenneropenaeus merguiensis brain

“…In the case of some alkaline phosphatases can be inactive at some pH values. For example, activity of Physarum polycephalum can be quenched at pH 9.2 [25], that of Homo sapiensat pH 6-9 [26], and the phosphatasse of the Nilaparvata lugensbecomes inactive at about pH 9.5 [27].…”