Characterization of sources of lead in the urban air of Asia using ratios of stable lead isotopes

Mukai, Hirofumi; Furuta, Naoki; Fujii, Toshihiro; Ambe, Yoshinari; Sakamoto, Kazuhiko; Hashimoto, Yoshikazu

doi:10.1021/es00044a009

Cited by 248 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the case of Pb air pollution, impact studies were supported, since the 1980s (e.g. Mukai et al, 1993), by the well defined isotopic composition of automobile emissions, the major source of lead in the ambient air (Nriagu, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopes as tracers of sources of lead and strontium in aerosols (TSP & PM2.5) in Beijing

Wîdory¹,

Liu²,

Dong³

2010

Atmospheric Environment

107

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Even after its being phased out in gasoline in the late 90's, lead (Pb) is still present at relatively high levels in the atmosphere of Beijing, China (0.10-0.18 μg.m -3 ). Its origin is subject to debate as several distinct sources may contribute to the observed pollution levels. This study proposes to constrain the origin(s) of Pb and strontium (Sr) in aerosols, by coupling both Pb and Sr isotope systematics. The characterisation of the main pollution sources (road traffic, smelters, metal refining plants, coal combustion, cement factories, and soil erosion) shows that they can unambiguously be discriminated by the multi-isotope approach ( 206 Pb/ 204 Pb and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr). The study of total suspended particulates (TSP) and fine particles (PM 2.5 ) from Beijing and its vicinity indicates that both size fractions are controlled by the same sources. Lead isotopes indicate that metal refining plants are the major source of atmospheric lead, followed by thermal power stations and other coal combustion processes. The role of this latter source is confirmed by the study of strontium isotopes. Occasionally, emissions from cement plants and/or input from soil alteration are isotopically detectable.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopes as tracers of sources of lead and strontium in aerosols (TSP & PM2.5) in Beijing

Wîdory¹,

Liu²,

Dong³

2010

Atmospheric Environment

107

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“…Cd/Ca as a tracer of upwelling in Sumatra coral and Ba/Ca as a tracer of river inputs in Jong Island coral, will also provide useful information in identifying sources of the Pb in these regions. Bollh3fer and Rosman, 2000;Mukai et al, 1993). Black circles represent typical Australian (Broken Hill) type and US (Mississippy vally) type Pb ores used in alkyllead Doe, 1970;Cummings and Richards, 1975).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Pb isotope ratios in the Chagos coral are in the same range as the Pb in aerosols collected from India in 1995 (Bollhafer and Rosman, 2001), but are higher than the aerosols from Sri Lanka, Thailand, Indonesia, and in Australia in 1990s Mukai et al, 1993) No seawater data is available for the Java Sea, but a coral sample collected off Jakarta or directly to the Strait of Singapore (e.g. Juhor River).…”

Section: Pbmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…It has been found that ores from different parts of the world often have their own Pb isotope signatures (Chow and Patterson, 1962;Doe, 1970;Sangster et al, 2000), and the Pb isotope composition of other significant anthropogenic Pb sources, e.g., coals, have been characterized as well (Diaz-Somoano et al, 2007;; Mukai et al, 1993). Unlike light stable isotopes, e.g., oxygen isotopes, mass differences among the Pb isotopes are small precluding significant fractionation via physicochemical and biologic processes in the environment relative to source variability.…”

Section: Pb Isotope Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike light stable isotopes, e.g., oxygen isotopes, mass differences among the Pb isotopes are small precluding significant fractionation via physicochemical and biologic processes in the environment relative to source variability. Thus, many studies have used Pb isotope ratios to identify sources and pathways of anthropogenic Pb in the environment (e.g., Mukai et al, 1993;Lee et al, 2011;Rosman et al, 1994;Planchon et al, 2003;Inoue and Tanimizu, 2008). The utility of Pb isotopes as an anthropogenic tracer was first suggested by Chow and Johnston (1965), where they observed Pb isotopic variability among gasoline and aerosols from the Los Angeles basin, California.…”

Section: Pb Isotope Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of anthropogenic Pb and Pb isotopes in the deep North Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean

Lee¹

2013

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, in partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the degree of Doctor of PhilosophyPb and Pb isotopes in the ocean have varied on decadal to centennial time scales due to anthropogenic Pb inputs. Thus, tracing the temporal variation of Pb and Pb isotopes in the ocean provides information on the major sources of Pb and the transport of Pb from sources to the ocean surface and into the ocean interior. In this thesis study, first, a method was developed for the analysis of dissolved Pb and other trace elements in seawater using single batch nitrilotriacetate resin extraction and isotope dilution ICP-MS, which was applied in analyzing seawater Pb concentrations in the rest of the study. A -550 year history of the Pb and Pb isotopes in the deep North Atlantic Ocean is reconstructed using a deep-sea coral, showing the infiltration of anthropogenic Pb to deep sea. Comparing the results to the surface North Atlantic Ocean Pb record using a Transit Time Distribution model, the mean transit time of Pb is estimated to be -64 years. This is longer than the transit time estimate assuming simple advection from a source, showing the importance of advective-diffusive mixing in the transport of Pb to the ocean interior. The later part of the thesis investigates Pb in the Indian Ocean, where no useful Pb data have been previously reported. First, using annually-banded surface growing corals, I reconstruct variations of Pb and isotopes in the surface waters of the central and eastern Indian Oceans during the past half-century. Results of the study show the increase of Pb concentrations from the mid-1970s, and major sources of the Pb are discussed, including leaded gasoline and coal burning, based on their emission histories and Pb isotope signatures. Second, Pb concentration and isotope profiles are presented from the northern and western Indian Oceans. AcknowledgementI would like to thank all the people who made this work possible. First, I owe a big thank to my advisor Ed Boyle. He taught me a lot about trace metal techniques, guided me to find right and important scientific questions whenever I was lost, and supported all my work. Not only that, he was also supportive of me having a family, very understanding and patient, which I cannot be grateful enough.I'd like to thank my committee: Bill Jenkins, Carl Lamborg, Phoebe Lam, and Konrad Hughen. Interests they showed during committee meetings were so inspiring and encouraging. I usually had this magical experience that my work, which looked so boring beforehand, turns into the most interesting one in the world after the committee meeting.I also would like to thank Jess Adkins and Selene Eltgroth, who provided the deep-sea coral and the radiocarbon data used in Chapter 3, and shared their expertise in deep-sea coral analysis with me. My work in Chapter 4 and 5 could not be completed without these people who helped me to collect corals and seawater samples from the Indian Ocean: Miriam Pfeiffer, Aron Meltzner, Kerry Sieh, Bambang Suwargadi, Danny Natawidjaja, Toshitaka Gamo, Hajim...

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Lead in the western South China Sea: Evidence of atmospheric deposition and upwelling

Chen

Goodkin

Boyle

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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In recent decades, rapid industrial developments have increased lead (Pb) inputs to the South China Sea. To quantify the increasing variability, we investigated 170 years of skeletal Pb and Pb isotopes from an offshore, central Vietnamese coral. The Pb/Ca in the coral was 10–16 nmol/mol before the mid‐1950s and increased to more than 30 nmol/mol by 2000. While the regional phaseout of leaded petrol commenced in 2000, coral Pb/Ca continued increasing until 2004, possibly due to regional upwelling and the transport of previously emitted Pb from tropical Pacific waters. The 206Pb/207Pb ratio in the coral was 1.191–1.195 before mid‐1950s, suggesting natural sources. Since then, the ratio decreased, reaching ~1.165 in 2004. Lead isotopes show high linearity between natural and Chinese emitted Pb, with the latter contributing ~40%~60% of the skeletal Pb after 2000.

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Characterization of sources of lead in the urban air of Asia using ratios of stable lead isotopes

Cited by 248 publications

References 22 publications

Isotopes as tracers of sources of lead and strontium in aerosols (TSP & PM2.5) in Beijing

Isotopes as tracers of sources of lead and strontium in aerosols (TSP & PM2.5) in Beijing

Evolution of anthropogenic Pb and Pb isotopes in the deep North Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean

Lead in the western South China Sea: Evidence of atmospheric deposition and upwelling

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