Characterization of sunflower oils obtained separately by pressing and subsequent solvent extraction from a new line of seeds rich in phytosterols and conventional seeds

Abstract

-In this study we evaluate the chemical composition of sunflower oils obtained separately by pressing and subsequent solvent extraction from a new seeds rich in phytosterols (IASP-18) and conventional seeds . Results have shown that the total content of oil was much lower in the IASP-18 (18.1%) than in the conventional (37.5%) seeds. The extraction yield obtained by pressing was as low as 3% in the IASP-18 seeds and 37.5% in HA-89, while in the solvent extraction it was of the same order (∼18 wt% on seeds extracted by pressing) for the two types of seeds. No significant changes in the fatty acid composition were found between the oils extracted by the two procedures, but the pressed oils presented significantly lower acidity and larger content of the unsaponifiable fraction. Expressed as free sterols, the total sterols were 37-38% more concentrated in the oils extracted with solvent, reaching amounts of 13 700 and 6500 mg/kg in the IASP-18 and HA-89 oils, respectively. No substantial differences were found in the composition of total sterols analysed as free sterols between the oils extracted with the two procedures, but the contents of free sterols and sterol glycosides were much higher in the oils extracted with solvent.Keywords: Sunflower oil / pressing / solvent extraction / phytosterols Résumé -Caractérisation des huiles de tournesol obtenues séparément par pressage et extraction ultérieure par solvant à partir des nouvelles graines riches en phytostérols et des graines conventionnelles. Dans cette étude, nous évaluons la composition chimique des huiles de tournesol obtenues séparément par pressage et ultérieure extraction par solvant, à partir de nouvelles graines riches en phytostérols (IASP-18) et des graines conventionnelles (HA-89). Les résultats ont montré que la teneur totale en huile était beaucoup plus faible dans l'IASP-18 (18,1 %) que dans les des graines conventionnelles (37,5 %). Le rendement d'extraction obtenu par pressage était aussi bas que 3 % dans les graines de l'IASP-18 et de 37,5 % dans les HA-89, tandis que dans le solvant d'extraction, il était du même ordre (∼18 % en poids des graines extraites par pressage) pour la deux types de graines. Aucune modification significative de la composition en acides gras n'a été trouvée entre les huiles extraites par les deux procédures, mais les huiles pressées présentaient une acidité significativement inferieur et supérieure teneur de fraction insaponifiable. Exprimé en stérols libres, les stérols totaux étaient 37-38 % plus concentrés dans les huiles extraites avec solvant, atteignant, respectivement, les montants de 13 700 et 6500 mg/kg dans les huiles d'IASP-18 et de HA-89. Aucune différence substantielle n'a été trouvée dans la composition de stérols totaux analysés sous forme de stérols libres entre les huiles extraites avec les deux procédés, mais le contenu de stérols libres et les glucosides de stérols étaient beaucoup plus élevés dans les huiles extraites avec solvant.Mots clés : Huile de tournesol / pressage / extraction par so...

Short-Term Effects of Tillage Intensity and Fertilization on Sunflower Yield, Achene Quality, and Soil Physicochemical Properties under Semi-Arid Conditions

“…Farmyard manure and a balanced chemical fertilizer seem to contribute to better aggregation, thereby increasing effective pore volume. Given the dependence of soil permeability on effective pore volume, one may suggest a direct impact in terms of improved pore volume upon applying FYM on the K sat of soil [34]. According to the results, the RT system with combined FYM + 50% of the recommended dose chemical NPK fertilizer application could increase K sat significantly, possibly because of decreased density.…”

“…Also, an increase in soil moisture was recorded for the second year. In this regard, some previous studies also suggested that inorganic fertilization can indirectly increase SOM by improving the root biomass compared to control plots [34,35].…”

“…As far as harvesting was concerned, 10 plants were sampled at random from each replicate for each treatment before being quantified in terms of yield and yield components. Oil contents of the samples were extracted by a small expeller press and were further extracted by the Soxhlet extraction method where hexane served as the solvent [34]. Crop and soil properties were subjected to analysis of variance as described by Gomez and Gomez [35].…”

Effects of refining process on sunflower oil minor components: a review

“…Rao et al (1998) concluded that the squalene reduces the risk of colon cancer and the serum cholesterol level. Few studies have focused in the variability of squalene in sunflower oil, Merah et al (2012) reported a variation from 10 to 202 mg/kg Data from Aguirre et al, 2007Aguirre et al, , 2014Gunstone, 2011; ND = Non Detected; SO = Sunflower Oil; HOSO: High Oleic Sunflower Oil, MOSO = Mid Oleic Sunflower Oil.…”

“…3) being β-sitosterol the main sterol. Phytosterol content is mainly affected by environmental conditions during plant growth (Ayerdi Gotor et al, 2015) and genetics (Aguirre et al, 2014;Fernández-Cuesta et al, 2011) but there is no effect of the modification of the fatty acids profile (Ayerdi Gotor et al, 2014).…”