Characterization of Surface Accumulation and Release of Nanosilica During Irradiation of Polymer Nanocomposites by Ultraviolet Light

Nguyen, Tinh; Pellegrin, Bastien; Bernard, Coralie; Rabb, Savelas A.; Stuztman, P; Gorham, Justin M.; Gu, Xiaosong; Ll, Yu; Jw, Chin

doi:10.1166/jnn.2012.6442

Cited by 41 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Coating the particles would occupy these "defect sites" and inhibit the reduction of TiO 2 by UV light and, consequently, prevent some destruction of the polymer binder (Allen et al, 2004;Petersen et al, 2014). Exposure of nano-doped polymers to UV light was studied by Nguyen et al (2012), where amine-cured epoxies doped with either SiO 2 NP or MWCNT exposed to realistic environmental conditions (50°C, 75% relative humidity) showed variable mass losses created by photooxidative chain scission. The same behavior was observed with other polymer composites (see Najafi and Shin for instance (Najafi and Shin, 2005)).…”

Section: Plastics and Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of nanomaterial aging and transformations through the life cycle of nano-enhanced products

Mitrano

Motellier

Clavaguera

et al. 2015

Environment International

353

243

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In the context of assessing potential risks of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), life cycle thinking can represent a holistic view on the impacts of ENPs through the entire value chain of nano-enhanced products from production, through use, and finally to disposal. Exposure to ENPs in consumer or environmental settings may either be to the original, pristine ENPs, or more likely, to ENPs that have been incorporated into products, released, aged and transformed. Here, key product-use related aging and transformation processes affecting ENPs are reviewed. The focus is on processes resulting in ENP release and on the transformation(s) the released particles undergo in the use and disposal phases of its product life cycle for several nanomaterials (Ag, ZnO, TiO2, carbon nanotubes, CeO2, SiO2 etc.). These include photochemical transformations, oxidation and reduction, dissolution, precipitation, adsorption and desorption, combustion, abrasion and biotransformation, among other biogeochemical processes. To date, few studies have tried to establish what changes the ENPs undergo when they are incorporated into, and released from, products. As a result there is major uncertainty as to the state of many ENPs following their release because much of current testing on pristine ENPs may not be fully relevant for risk assessment purposes. The goal of this present review is therefore to use knowledge on the life cycle of nano-products to derive possible transformations common ENPs in nano-products may undergo based on how these products will be used by the consumer and eventually discarded. By determining specific gaps in knowledge of the ENP transformation process, this approach should prove useful in narrowing the number of physical experiments that need to be conducted and illuminate where more focused effort can be placed.

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Section: Plastics and Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of nanomaterial aging and transformations through the life cycle of nano-enhanced products

Mitrano

Motellier

Clavaguera

et al. 2015

Environment International

353

243

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“…Nanomaterial accumulation at the nanocoating surface is a common observation from the polymer nanocoating degradation processes [15][16][17][18][19]. The primary objective of this SP is to provide a specific protocol for collecting and quantifying the amount of nanomaterial that is released after a combination of accelerated weathering and simulated rain spray.…”

Section: Principles and Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Protocol for collecting and quantifying release from weathered epoxy-nanosilica coatings: using a simulated rain method and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry

Rabb¹,

Yu²,

Jacobs³

et al. 2017

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ForewordThis NIST Special Publication (SP) is one of several NIST publications that has focused on the directives of the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) Environmental, Health, and Safety Research Strategy updated in 2011 [1]. NIST was identified as the lead federal agency in the core research area of the Strategy. This research area includes development of measurement tools for the characterization and measurements of engineered nanomaterials during the life cycle of nanotechnology-enabled products.Polymer coatings containing nanofillers (such as alumina, titania, silica, zinc oxide, etc.) are increasingly, or potentially will be, used in construction, aerospace, automobile, electronics, and many other coating-related industries. These nanocoatings are often exposed to severe mechanical and environmental stresses during a polymer nanocoating's life cycle. As time passes and the polymer degrades, the nanofillers migrate to the surface of the nanocoating and can be released into the environment. This SP emphasizes the assessment and measurement of nanosilica release from weathered epoxy nanocoatings. This protocol can be applied to other nanocoatings or nanocomposite systems. Updates to this protocol may be released in the future. Visit https://www.nist.gov/mml/nanomeasurement-protocols for revisions of this protocol or for new protocols in the series. Users are encouraged to reference the protocol in their publications.

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“…To ascertain whether this was the case, they analyzed particles collected at the bottom of the sample holder and found evidence of free silica nanoparticles in the case of the silica/epoxy material but no evidence of free MWCNTs in the case of MWCNT/epoxy. [36][37] The authors suggested that MWCNTs, being long, fibrous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 Draft 09-11-14 30 materials, form entangled networks on the PNC surface as the host matrix photodecomposes, which precludes their easy gravitational dropping off of the vertically aligned PNC. Spherical silica particles cannot entangle and easily fall off the surface as they become exposed, although the researchers did not determine whether the free nanofillers were aggregated with remnants of the host materials.…”

Section: Release Of Enms Due To Photochemical Degradation Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Free silica particles passively fell off the exposed surface. [36][37] Titania Direct coating on wood, PET, and tile UV weathering with agitation Air N/A UV light increased the number of released particles due to weakening of the particle-substrate interactions. Visible light showed no effect.…”

Section: Air Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Release of Engineered Nanomaterials from Polymer Nanocomposites: the Effect of Matrix Degradation

Duncan

2014

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Polymer nanocomposites-polymer-based materials that incorporate filler elements possessing at least one dimension in the nanometer range-are increasingly being developed for commercial applications ranging from building infrastructure to food packaging to biomedical devices and implants. Despite a wide range of intended applications, it is also important to understand the potential for exposure to these nanofillers, which could be released during routine use or abuse of these materials so that it can be determined whether they pose a risk to human health or the environment. This article is the second of a pair that review what is known about the release of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) from polymer nanocomposites. Two roughly separate ENM release paradigms are considered in this series: the release of ENMs via passive diffusion, desorption, and dissolution into external liquid media and the release of ENMs assisted by matrix degradation. The present article is focused primarily on the second paradigm and includes a thorough, critical review of the associated body of peer-reviewed literature on ENM release by matrix degradation mechanisms, including photodegradation, thermal decomposition, mechanical wear, and hydrolysis. These release mechanisms may be especially relevant to nanocomposites that are likely to be subjected to weathering, including construction and infrastructural materials, sporting equipment, and materials that might potentially end up in landfills. This review pays particular attention to studies that shed light on specific release mechanisms and synergistic mechanistic relationships. The review concludes with a short section on knowledge gaps and future research needs.

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Characterization of Surface Accumulation and Release of Nanosilica During Irradiation of Polymer Nanocomposites by Ultraviolet Light

Cited by 41 publications

References 48 publications

Review of nanomaterial aging and transformations through the life cycle of nano-enhanced products

Review of nanomaterial aging and transformations through the life cycle of nano-enhanced products

Protocol for collecting and quantifying release from weathered epoxy-nanosilica coatings: using a simulated rain method and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry

Release of Engineered Nanomaterials from Polymer Nanocomposites: the Effect of Matrix Degradation

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