Characterization of the bacterial population of the genital tract of adult cats

Holst, Bodil Ström; Bergström, Annika; Lagerstedt, Anne-Sofie; Karlstam, Erika; Englund, Lena; Båverud, Viveca

doi:10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.963

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Although most articles emphasise the role of progesterone in pyometra, recent information have shown that oestrogens increase progesterone receptors in the endometrium, dilate the uterine cervix, allow bacterial ascent and can influence endometrial changes (Agudelo 2005). Changes in the uterine microenvironment and decreased contractility would favour ascendant bacterial infection; E. coli are the most frequently isolated microorganisms from feline pyometra (Holt et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rare radiographic appearance of a calcified uterus in a queen with pyometra: a case report

Hayati¹,

Ahrari-Khafi²,

Hassankhani³

et al. 2016

Vet. Med. - Czech

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This report describes the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of a queen with open pyometra. Lethargy, anorexia and previous treatment failure were the main reasons resulting in referral for diagnostic evaluation. The history, haematological and biochemical profiles and abdominal radiographs revealed open pyometra. Following ovariohysterectomy and antibiotic therapy there was total resolution of clinical signs. Histopathology of the uterus showed severe calcification. The unique part of this report was the rare appearance of multiple opacities in the radiographs. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of radiographic opacities in a domestic short-haired queen with open pyometra.Keywords: queen; pyometra; radiology; uterus; calcification Pyometra is the most frequent and important endometrial disorder in intact, sexually mature queens and is characterised by uterine infection by ascending vaginal bacteria as a consequence of progesterone stimulation of the endometrium. It may involve diffuse or segmental enlargement of the uterus. Histological lesions range from simple cystic endometrial hyperplasia to endometrial atrophy (Nak et al. 2009).Pyometra is classified as open-cervix or closedcervix based on cervical patency for drainage of purulent uterine fluid. Although medical management may be attempted, surgical intervention to prevent uterine rupture and septicaemia is the treatment of choice for any open-cervix pyometra where the bitch is systemically ill, or any case of closed-cervix pyometra (Adamovich-Rippe et al. 2013).In this paper, we describe an unusual feature of open pyometra in a queen, and its radiographic and histopathological change. Case descriptionA 4.3 kg, approximately six-year-old sexually intact female Domestic short-haired cat was presented to the Small Animal Hospital, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran because of a history of anorexia and lethargy. The cat had lived indoors for approximately five years and had not been bred during this period of time. Two weeks prior to presentation she had the same clinical signs (lethargy and anorexia) and the owner referred her to a private pet clinic. The veterinarian prescribed antibiotics and intravenous lactated Ringer's solution, which initially resulted in improvement before a subsequent return of the clinical symptoms.On initial physical examination, the cat was mildly dehydrated and lethargic. Rectal temperature was normal (38.1 °C) and no abnormalities in mucous membrane colour were noted. Heart and respiratory sounds and rates were normal. Vaginal discharge was not observed and abdominal palpation revealed no abnormal organs. Polyuria and polydipsia were noted by the owner.Diagnostic procedures included a complete blood count (CBC), serum biochemical profile and abdominal radiographs. The CBC showed mild nonregenerative normocytic normochromic anaemia, leucocytosis with neutrophilia and the presence of immature WBCs in a peripheral blood sample.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rare radiographic appearance of a calcified uterus in a queen with pyometra: a case report

Hayati¹,

Ahrari-Khafi²,

Hassankhani³

et al. 2016

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…To date, there are no reports of the detection of Simonsiella spp in the vaginal flora of any felid, despite the large number of bacteria already identified to be normal in healthy cats (Clemetson & Ward, 1990;Holst et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the domestic cat, the vaginal bacterial flora is mainly constituted by aerobic bacteria of the genus Acinetobacter, Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Escherichia, Haemophilus, Klebsiella, Lactobacillus, Pasteurella, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus (Clemetson & Ward, ; Holst et al, ). Anaerobic bacteria such as Bacteroides and Peptococcus have also been isolated in a lesser extent (Clemetson & Ward, ; Holst et al, ). The most commonly found organisms in the vagina of clinically healthy domestic cats are coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus , Streptococcus canis and Escherichia coli .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The most commonly found organisms in the vagina of clinically healthy domestic cats are coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus , Streptococcus canis and Escherichia coli . (Clemetson & Ward, ; Holst et al, ). These bacteria originate from the skin and the bowel, and their presence, even in high concentration, is not considered to be an indication of reproductive disorder (Clemetson & Ward, ; Holst et al, ; Johnston, Kustritz, & Olson, ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…These bacteria originate from the skin and the bowel, and their presence, even in high concentration, is not considered to be an indication of reproductive disorder (Clemetson & Ward, ; Holst et al, ; Johnston, Kustritz, & Olson, ). While mating does not seem to have a direct effect, the stage of the oestrous cycle does influence the bacterial populations present on the vagina of the cat (Holst et al, ). To date, however, information about the vaginal flora of nondomestic felids, such as African lions or leopards, remains scarce.…”

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Detection ofSimonsiellaspp. in the Vagina of Lions and Leopard in Oestrus

Callealta

Ganswindt

Gonçalves

et al. 2018

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Reports of the vaginal flora of wild cats such as lions or leopards are scarce. The micro-organisms most commonly found in the vagina of clinically healthy cats are aerobic bacteria such as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Streptococcus canis, and Escherichia coli. Simonsiella spp are large Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Neisseriaceae family, typically found in the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract of many species. To date, there are no reports of the detection of Simonsiella spp in the vaginal flora of any felid. For a period of six months, daily behaviour monitoring was performed on six captive lionesses at a South African conservation centre, in parallel with the collection of vaginal swabs and interpretation of the resultant vaginal cytologies every other day. Oestrus was identified by typical female reproductive behaviours, as well as by enlarged and separated vulvar lips, and a predominant proportion of superficial cornified cells, clearing of the background, and high bacterial presence in the vaginal smear. Simonsiella spp were identified by their characteristic morphology in 58% (60 of 103) of the vaginal samples collected during oestrus. They were also found in oral swabs of three out of three lions tested. Additionally, Simonsiella spp were opportunistically found in a vaginal smear from a zoo housed female Sri Lankan leopard in oestrus, during a routine reproduction assessment. The finding of Simonsiella spp may be more common than previously suspected, transitory, and without detectable clinical relevance. A connection between occurrence of these bacteria and oestrus was apparent.

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Revisiting Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection

Bartges¹

2006

Consultations in Feline Internal Medicine

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Characterization of the bacterial population of the genital tract of adult cats

Cited by 33 publications

References 11 publications

A rare radiographic appearance of a calcified uterus in a queen with pyometra: a case report

A rare radiographic appearance of a calcified uterus in a queen with pyometra: a case report

Detection ofSimonsiellaspp. in the Vagina of Lions and Leopard in Oestrus

Revisiting Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection

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