Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Two Sibling Species of Parasitic Roundworms, Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia circumcincta

Abstract

Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia circumcincta are among the two most pathogenic internal parasitic nematodes infecting small ruminants, such as sheep and goats, and are a global animal health issue. Accurate identification and delineation of Haemonchidae species is essential for development of diagnostic and control strategies with high resolution for Trichostrongyloidea infection in ruminants. Here, we describe in detail and compare the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of the New Zealand H. contortus and T. circumcincta field strains to improve our understanding of species- and strain-level evolution in these closely related roundworms. In the present study, we performed extensive comparative bioinformatics analyses on the recently sequenced complete mt genomes of the New Zealand H. contortus NZ_Hco_NP and T. circumcincta NZ_Teci_NP field strains. Amino acid sequences inferred from individual genes of each of the two mt genomes were compared, concatenated and subjected to phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian inference (BI), Maximum Likelihood (ML), and Maximum Parsimony (MP). The AT-rich mt genomes of H. contortus NZ_Hco_NP and T. circumcincta NZ_Teci_NP are 14,001 bp (A+T content of 77.4%) and 14,081 bp (A+T content of 77.3%) in size, respectively. All 36 of the typical nematode mt genes are transcribed in the forward direction in both species and comprise of 12 protein-encoding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA ( rrn ) genes, and 22 transfer RNA ( trn ) genes. The secondary structures for the 22 trn genes and two rrn genes differ between H. contortus NZ_Hco_NP and T. circumcincta NZ_Teci_NP, however the gene arrangements of both are consistent with other Trichostrongylidea sequenced to date. Comparative analyses of the complete mitochondrial nucleotide sequences, PCGs, A+T rich and non-coding repeat regions of H. contortus NZ_Hco_NP and T. circumcincta NZ_Teci_NP further reinforces the high levels of diversity and gene flow observed among Trichostrongylidea, and supports their potential as ideal markers for strain-level identification from different hosts and geographical regions with high resolution for future studies. The complete mt genomes of H. contortus NZ_Hco_NP and T. circumcincta NZ_Teci_NP presented here provide useful novel markers for further studies of the meta-population connectivity and the genetic mechanisms driving evolution in nematode species.

Molecular Characterization of Mitochondrial Genome From Trichostrongylus Species (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) in Northern Iran

“…(2020) in New Zealand investigated the complete mitochondrial genomes of H. contortus and T. circumcincta by phylogenetic analysis [32]. Another study in Uzbekistan was performed based on ribosomal (ITS2) and mitochondrial (Cox1) of Marshallagia sp.…”

“…Mt genomes are conserved and present large amounts of sequence data in the organisms, therefore mtDNA are used for evolutionary analyses, taxonomy, population genetics, and systematics studies [25,26,27]. There are few studies that have investigated the mitochondrial gene of Trichostrongylidae family, in which the mtDNA of the species of Marshallagia marshalli, Haemonchus placei, Haemonchus contortus, T. vitrinus, T. axei, Ostertagia trifurcate, and Teladorsagia circumcincta were evaluated for phylogenetic relationship and species identi cation [25,28,29,30,31,32,33]. Taxonomy studies of the nematodes based on sequences of coding mitochondrial genes are more accurate than non-coding ribosomal genes.…”

“…Taxonomy studies of the nematodes based on sequences of coding mitochondrial genes are more accurate than non-coding ribosomal genes. Meanwhile, the mitochondrial genomes are considered as suitable markers for population evolution studies [31,32], while the studies targeting the mtDNA for identi cation of Trichostrongylidae are very limited worldwide with even no single study on mitochondrial gene of the nematodes reported from Iran, so, the present study focused on molecular phylogenetic analysis based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (Cox1) mitochondrial gene of Trichostrongylus species in northern Iran.…”

Non-targeted multimodal metabolomics data from ovine rumen fluid fractions

“…The specificity of genomic DNA was verified by automated sanger sequencing of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA following PCR amplification from genomic DNA (31). A 100% similarity identity was achieved corresponding to the H. contortus NZ_Hco_NP (genome version 1.0, BioProject accession number PRJNA517503), the representative chromosome-level genome of the anthelmintic-susceptible H. contortus field strain isolated from pasture-grazed New Zealand sheep (32)(33)(34)(35).…”

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the New Zealand parasitic blowflyCalliphora vicina(Insecta: Diptera: Calliphoridae)

“…The Illumina NovaSeq™ 6000 (PE150, Novogene, China) platform was used to amplify the entire mitochondrial genome sequence. The mitochondrial genome was assembled and annotated as previously described (Palevich et al 2019c; Palevich et al 2019e; Palevich et al 2020).…”