Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Cavisoma magnum ( ) (Acanthocephala: Palaeacanthocephala), first representative of the family Cavisomidae, and its phylogenetic implications
“…In Palaeacanthocephala, the order Polymorphida with only 7 representatives was supported to be a monophyletic clade in the phylogenetic tree, in contrast, the order Echinorhynchida was displayed to be a paraphyletic group. The phylogenetic results agreed well with the recent phylogenetic study (Muhammad et al ., 2020 a , b ) and some previous molecular studies based on some nuclear and mitochondrial genetic markers i.e. SSU/LSU + SSU/SSU + LSU + cox 1 (García-Varela et al ., 2002; García-Varela and Nadler, 2005, 2006; García-Varela and González-Oliver, 2008; Verweyen et al ., 2011).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…4a and b). The interrelationships among the four classes of Acanthocephala revealed by the present phylogenetic analysis are consistent with the previous phylogenomic studies (Gazi et al ., 2016; Muhammad et al ., 2019 a , b , 2020 a , b ; Song et al ., 2019). Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In contrast, our present genetic knowledge of Acanthocephala, especially the mitochondrial genomes, are still very limited. To date, only 17 acanthocephalan species with their mt-genomes are available in the NCBI database (Steinauer et al ., 2005; Gazi et al ., 2012; 2015; 2016; Pan and Nie, 2013; Weber et al ., 2013; Song et al ., 2016; 2019; Pan and Jiang, 2018; Muhammad et al ., 2019 a , b , 2020 a , b ). The current classifications of Acanthocephala are established mainly based on morphological characters and ecological traits (Amin, 2013).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recently, Muhammad et al . (2020 a , b ) provided a phylogenetic analysis of Acanthocephala using mitogenomic data that displayed S. picae nested in some species of Centrorhynchus , but there was only one species of Sphaerirostris included in the phylogeny. However, a more rigorous phylogeny including more species from Sphaerirostris and Centrorhynchus with their mitogenomics are required to solve the phylogenetic relationships of these two genera.…”
Our present genetic data of Acanthocephala, especially the mitochondrial (mt) genomes, remains very limited. In the present study, the nearly complete mt genome sequences of Sphaerirostris lanceoides (Petrochenko, 1949) was sequenced and determined for the first time based on specimens collected from the Indian pond heron Ardeola grayii (Sykes) (Ciconiiformes: Ardeidae) in Pakistan. The mt genome of S. lanceoides is 13 478 bp in size and contains 36 genes, including 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs) and two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs). Moreover, in order to clarify the phylogenetic relationship of the genera Centrorhynchus and Sphaerirostris, and to test the systematic position of S. lanceoides in the Centrorhynchidae, the phylogenetic analyses were performed using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods, based on concatenated nucleotide sequences of 12 PCGs, rRNAs and tRNAs. The phylogenetic results further confirmed the monophyly of the order Polymorphida and the paraphyly of the order Echinorhynchida in the class Palaeacanthocephala. Our results also challenged the validity of the genus Sphaerirostris (Polymorphida: Centrorhynchidae) and showed a sister relationship between S. lanceoides and S. picae (Rudolphi, 1819).
“…In Palaeacanthocephala, the order Polymorphida with only 7 representatives was supported to be a monophyletic clade in the phylogenetic tree, in contrast, the order Echinorhynchida was displayed to be a paraphyletic group. The phylogenetic results agreed well with the recent phylogenetic study (Muhammad et al ., 2020 a , b ) and some previous molecular studies based on some nuclear and mitochondrial genetic markers i.e. SSU/LSU + SSU/SSU + LSU + cox 1 (García-Varela et al ., 2002; García-Varela and Nadler, 2005, 2006; García-Varela and González-Oliver, 2008; Verweyen et al ., 2011).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…4a and b). The interrelationships among the four classes of Acanthocephala revealed by the present phylogenetic analysis are consistent with the previous phylogenomic studies (Gazi et al ., 2016; Muhammad et al ., 2019 a , b , 2020 a , b ; Song et al ., 2019). Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In contrast, our present genetic knowledge of Acanthocephala, especially the mitochondrial genomes, are still very limited. To date, only 17 acanthocephalan species with their mt-genomes are available in the NCBI database (Steinauer et al ., 2005; Gazi et al ., 2012; 2015; 2016; Pan and Nie, 2013; Weber et al ., 2013; Song et al ., 2016; 2019; Pan and Jiang, 2018; Muhammad et al ., 2019 a , b , 2020 a , b ). The current classifications of Acanthocephala are established mainly based on morphological characters and ecological traits (Amin, 2013).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recently, Muhammad et al . (2020 a , b ) provided a phylogenetic analysis of Acanthocephala using mitogenomic data that displayed S. picae nested in some species of Centrorhynchus , but there was only one species of Sphaerirostris included in the phylogeny. However, a more rigorous phylogeny including more species from Sphaerirostris and Centrorhynchus with their mitogenomics are required to solve the phylogenetic relationships of these two genera.…”
Our present genetic data of Acanthocephala, especially the mitochondrial (mt) genomes, remains very limited. In the present study, the nearly complete mt genome sequences of Sphaerirostris lanceoides (Petrochenko, 1949) was sequenced and determined for the first time based on specimens collected from the Indian pond heron Ardeola grayii (Sykes) (Ciconiiformes: Ardeidae) in Pakistan. The mt genome of S. lanceoides is 13 478 bp in size and contains 36 genes, including 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs) and two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs). Moreover, in order to clarify the phylogenetic relationship of the genera Centrorhynchus and Sphaerirostris, and to test the systematic position of S. lanceoides in the Centrorhynchidae, the phylogenetic analyses were performed using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods, based on concatenated nucleotide sequences of 12 PCGs, rRNAs and tRNAs. The phylogenetic results further confirmed the monophyly of the order Polymorphida and the paraphyly of the order Echinorhynchida in the class Palaeacanthocephala. Our results also challenged the validity of the genus Sphaerirostris (Polymorphida: Centrorhynchidae) and showed a sister relationship between S. lanceoides and S. picae (Rudolphi, 1819).
“…Some previous studies have made efforts to establish a basic molecular phylogenetic framework for Acanthocephala using various nuclear sequence data and mitochondrial genes [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Recently, mitochondrial genomic data were used to infer the phylogenetic relationships of the higher taxa in Acanthocephala [ 15 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. However, to date, mitochondrial genome data are available for only 23 species of acanthocephalans, representing 13 families belonging to 6 orders.…”
The phylum Acanthocephala is an important monophyletic group of parasites, with adults parasitic in the digestive tracts of all major vertebrate groups. Acanthocephalans are of veterinary, medical, and economic importance due to their ability to cause disease in domestic animals, wildlife, and humans. However, the current genetic data for acanthocephalans are sparse, both in terms of the proportion of taxa surveyed and the number of genes sequenced. Consequently, the basic molecular phylogenetic framework for the phylum is still incomplete. In the present study, we reported the first complete mitochondrial genome from a representative of the family Pseudoacanthocephalidae Petrochenko, 1956. The mitogenome of Pseudoacanthocephalus bufonis (Shipley, 1903) is 14,056 bp in length, contains 36 genes (12 protein-coding genes (PCGs) (lacking atp8), 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes (rrnL and rrnS)) and two non-coding regions (NCR1 and NCR2), and displayed the highest GC-skew in the order Echinorhynchida. Phylogenetic results of maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) using the amino acid sequences of 12 protein-coding genes in different models provided further evidence for the resurrection of the family Pseudoacanthocephalidae and also supported that the order Echinorhynchida is paraphyletic. A monophyletic clade comprising P. bufonis and Cavisoma magnum suggests a close affinity between Pseudoacanthocephalidae and Cavisomatidae. Our phylogenetic analyses also showed that Polymorphidae has a closer relationship with Centrorhynchidae than Plagiorhynchidae in the monophyletic order Polymorphida.
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