Characterization of the D/C mosaic neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum associated with bovine botulism in Japan

Nakamura, Keiji; Kohda, Tomoko; Umeda, Keiji; Yamamoto, Hideyuki; Mukamoto, Masafumi; Kozaki, Shunji

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.07.023

Cited by 76 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Thus, the seeming paradox of qualitatively different serotypes in samples from the same outbreak may be explained by a quantitative factor such as the toxin level in relation to the neutralizing efficiency of the anti-/D antibodies. The corresponding phenomenon of a partial effect of antitoxin /C on the BoNT/DC1 mosaic was described by others (Nakamura et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Confirmation of botulism in birds and cattle by the mouse bioassay and Endopep-MS

Hedeland

Moura

Båverud

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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There have been several outbreaks of botulism among poultry and wild birds in Sweden in recent years. The National Veterinary Institute of Sweden (SVA) has identified botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT)/C1 or the mosaic BoNT/C1D using the mouse bioassay. This is believed to be the first report on the application of the Endopep mass spectrometry (Endopep-MS) method to selected clinical animal (serum and liver) samples and a feed sample that had previously given positive test results with the mouse bioassay. In the mouse bioassay eight of the eleven samples were found to be neutralized by both BoNT/C1 and /D antitoxins; the other three were neutralized only by BoNT/C1 antitoxin, but the mice showed a prolonged survival time when the samples had been treated with /D antitoxin. The Endopep-MS analysis, on the other hand, demonstrated only BoNT/C1 activity for all eleven samples. This suggests that at least eight of the samples were of the chimeric toxin type BoNT/C1D, where the enzymically active site is identical to that of BoNT/C1, while other parts of the protein contain sequences of BoNT/D. This is the first step of a cross-validation between the established mouse bioassay and the Endopep-MS of serotypes BoNT/C1 and /C1D. Endopep-MS is concluded to have potential as an attractive alternative to the mouse bioassay.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Confirmation of botulism in birds and cattle by the mouse bioassay and Endopep-MS

Hedeland

Moura

Båverud

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…4 Also, some strains are bivalent and have two bont gene clusters of different toxinotypes 5,6 and some have chimerical toxinotypes (C/D and D/C). 7,8 This variable distribution of bont gene clusters in the groups suggests that horizontal movements have taken place on several occasions. The gene organization and sequence similarity (approximately 30% -40% amino acid identity) between BoNTs and the plasmid-encoded tetanus toxin (TeTx) produced by C. tetani also suggest that the bont and tetx genes derive from a common ancestor.…”

Section: Horizontal Gene Transfer Of Toxin Genes In Clostridium Botulmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horizontal gene transfer of toxin genes inClostridium botulinum

Skarin

Segerman

2011

Mobile Genetic Elements

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“…7A). Because BoNT/D-C is commonly associated with botulism in animals (Nakamura et al, 2010), but has not been found in human cases (Lindström and Korkeala, 2006), we examined whether this residue change in human SytII reduces the potency of BoNT/D-C Control cells were exposed to BoNT/B and A without H C s. Cells were washed and fixed. Binding and entry of BoNT/B and BoNT/A into nerve terminals were detected using their specific antibodies through immunostaining.…”

Section: Syti/ii Are Required For Bont/d-c Entry Into Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Botulinum neurotoxin D-C uses synaptotagmin I/II as receptors and human synaptotagmin II is not an effective receptor for type B, D-C, and G toxins

Peng

Berntsson

Tepp

et al. 2012

Journal of Cell Science

120

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SummaryBotulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are classified into seven types (A-G), but multiple subtype and mosaic toxins exist. These subtype and mosaic toxins share a high sequence identity, and presumably the same receptors and substrates with their parental toxins. Here, we report that a mosaic toxin, type D-C (BoNT/D-C), uses different receptors from its parental toxin BoNT/C. BoNT/D-C, but not BoNT/C, binds directly to the luminal domains of synaptic vesicle proteins synaptotagmin (Syt) I and II, and requires expression of SytI/II to enter neurons. The SytII luminal fragment containing the toxin-binding site can block the entry of BoNT/D-C into neurons and reduce its toxicity in vivo in mice. We also found that gangliosides increase binding of BoNT/D-C to SytI/II and enhance the ability of the SytII luminal fragment to block BoNT/D-C entry into neurons.

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Characterization of the D/C mosaic neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum associated with bovine botulism in Japan

Cited by 76 publications

References 29 publications

Confirmation of botulism in birds and cattle by the mouse bioassay and Endopep-MS

Confirmation of botulism in birds and cattle by the mouse bioassay and Endopep-MS

Horizontal gene transfer of toxin genes inClostridium botulinum

Botulinum neurotoxin D-C uses synaptotagmin I/II as receptors and human synaptotagmin II is not an effective receptor for type B, D-C, and G toxins

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