“…Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have drawn great attention owing to their exceptional property of a shape memory effect. [1][2][3][4] The commercially developed and well-known SMA is the Ti-Ni alloy, which has been used in many applications, including medical stents, automated window openings, artificial sphincter muscles, etc. 5 However, the martensitic transformation of this alloy is below 200 1C, so it is not suitable for applications at high temperatures, such as gas turbines, rocket engines, automobiles, and nuclear reactor environments.…”