Characterization of the pits in parenchyma cells of the moso bamboo [<i>Phyllostachys edulis</i> (Carr.) J. Houz.] culm

Lian, Caiping; Liu, Rong; Xiu-fang, Cheng; Zhang, Shuqing; Luo, Junji; Yang, Shumin; Liu, Xianmiao; Fei, Benhua

doi:10.1515/hf-2018-0236

Cited by 36 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In this study, we found that the pit was mainly in simple pit pair, with the pit pairs of adjacent cells connected by plasmodesmata at the primary cell wall, which is consistent with the type of pits and the way they are connected in the cell walls of plants such as Wheat, Eucommia and Mao bamboo ( Kristensen et al., 2008 ; Fromm, 2013 ; Lian et al., 2019 ). By analyzing the direction of transport of highly electron-dense material within the pits, it was hypothesized that the role of the pits on pear stone cells was to transport degraded material out of the cell from PCs which were beginning to lignify, and that the transported materials might contain some kind of signalling molecules that could initiate the process of lignification in PCs, thus accelerating the process of lignification in PCs surrounding the stone cells.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

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Effects on stone cell development and lignin deposition in pears by different pollinators

Yan

Zhang²,

Chen³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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IntroductionThe pear pulp is formed by the development of the ovary wall, which is the somatic cell of the female parent, and its genetic traits are identical to those of the female parent, so that its phenotypic traits should also be identical to those of the female parent. However, the pulp quality of most pears, especially the stone cell clusters (SCCs) number and degree of polymerization (DP), were significantly affected by the paternal type. Stone cells are formed by the deposition of lignin in parenchymal cell (PC) walls. Studies on the effect of pollination on lignin deposition and stone cell formation in pear fruit have not been reported. Methods: In this study, 'Dangshan Su' (P. bretschneideri Rehd.) was selected as the mother tree, while 'Yali' (P. bretschneideri Rehd.) and 'Wonhwang' (P. pyrifolia Nakai.) were used as the father trees to perform cross-pollination. We investigated the effects of different parents on SCCs number and DP, and lignin deposition by microscopic and ultramicroscopic observation.Results and DiscussionThe results showed that the formation of SCCs proceeds was consistent in DY and DW, but the SCC number and DP in DY were higher than that in DW. Ultramicroscopy revealed that the lignification process of DY and DW were all from corner to rest regions of the compound middle lamella and the secondary wall, with lignin particles deposited along the cellulose microfibrils. They were alternatively arranged until they filled up the whole cell cavity to culminate in the formation of stone cells. However, the compactness of the wall layer of cell wall was significantly higher in DY than in DW. We also found that the pit of stone cell was predominantly single pit pair, they transported degraded material from the PCs that were beginning to lignify out of the cells. Stone cell formation and lignin deposition in pollinated pear fruit from different parents were consistent, but the DP of SCCs and the compactness of the wall layer were higher in DY than that in DW. Therefore, DY SCC had a higher ability to resist the expansion pressure of PC.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Effects on stone cell development and lignin deposition in pears by different pollinators

Yan

Zhang²,

Chen³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…The porosity of the scaffold increased from 31 ± 4 to 86 ± 3% (eq 1 and Figure S1). The pore size distribution results (Figure C and Table S1) showed that the hierarchical delignified bamboo includes vessels and sieve tubes having the largest conduit pores with a size of 50–120 μm diameter (20%), parenchyma cell lumen with a medium size of 10–50 μm (46%), and the smallest pores in teh inner cell wall with a size range of 0.5–10 μm (24%), which is consistent with reported results. − The SEM images of raw bamboo and the delignified bamboo scaffold (Figure S2A,B) show that the micropores were exposed significantly after delignification. SEM analysis (Figures D(1) and S2B,C) showed vast micropores in the range of 15–120 μm with a hairy fracture surface.…”

Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The results of the free enzyme we obtained are comparable with the published data. ,, Generally, the biocatalytic processes involve both molecular and convective diffusion including substrate diffusion to catalytic sites and product diffusion back to the solution. , Moreover, the density of BGU immobilized at different locations of the hierarchical scaffold should be different due to the gradient distribution of the vascular bundles from the inner skin to the outer skin . In our system, molecular diffusion could be affected by the bamboo structure including their internal geometry. − The rates of adsorption and desorption of small molecules (both the substrate and the product) by bamboo are related to the external diffusion coefficient and the internal resistance (due to the boundary layer, the diffusion in the materials, etc. ). , Under some conditions, the apparent diffusion coefficient could be positively correlated with the materials’ thickness .…”

Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Enzyme Immobilization on a Delignified Bamboo Scaffold as a Green Hierarchical Bioreactor

Ren

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Enzymes immobilized on cellulose-based supports provide important applications because they are convenient, economical, and stable. In this paper, we report the application of delignified bamboo as a novel cellulose-based scaffold for enzyme immobilization and bamboo enzyme-based flow bioreactors, which can drastically improve the catalytic reaction and subsequent separation. The delignified bamboo provides a superior biobenign and hierarchically structured platform that can be conveniently derivatized to conjugate functional proteins with high loading capacity. With an optimized delignification process and a modified Schiff base-dependent conjugation method, we identified an efficient approach to immobilize enzymes on bamboo. In our system, generally ∼8 mg/m 2 •g −1 proteins can be immobilized on the delignified bamboo, which is significantly higher than that of the reported methods. The immobilized enzymes on bamboo showed sustained activity under ambient conditions, excellent reusability with 13 cycles, and high stability of more than 7 weeks of storage at 4 °C, which can be readily adapted in flow reactors for both single transformation and tandem catalysis. As an example, drugs of abuse in synthetic urine samples were analyzed in β-glucuronidase (BGU)-functionalized flow reactors in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, at room temperature, the condition suitable for the bioanalysis. Our work demonstrates that the delignified bamboo can serve as a readily available support for enzyme immobilization and hierarchical bioreactor construction, which will potentially increase the robustness of enzymes in analytical and synthetical applications.

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“…[ 24 ] The micropores on the pit membrane range in size from around 2–50 nm to more than 50 nm. [ 25 ] The equivalent pore size spanned between 10 and 100,000 nm in Figure 4B, and the range was influenced by density fluctuations in the curve between 10–100 and 5000–90,000 nm. The pore size range of 10–100 nm was primarily consistent with the pit of bamboo.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering the surface properties of bamboo scrimber to enhance the gluing properties

Zhang

et al. 2022

Polymer Composites

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The adhesive ability of bamboo scrimber is critical for its use in large‐scale engineering structures. Cold‐pressed bamboo scrimber with varying sanding mesh and density was made and then bonded with polyurethane resin. The adhesive was concentrated on the surface, assisting the anchoring into the material surface. The shear strength and immersion peel strength are studied as parameters to determine the glue qualities. The optimum gluing characteristics were obtained using a 120 grit sandpaper and a density of 1.15 g/cm3. The results indicated that at a density of 1.15 g/cm3, the gluing characteristics rose initially and subsequently dropped as the number of sanding meshes increased. The bonding strength improved with increasing density when 120‐mesh sanding was used. With increasing density, the bamboo fiber distribution inside the material got more compact, while the resin dispersion became more uniform. Thus, the surface porosity and roughness were decreased.

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Characterization of the pits in parenchyma cells of the moso bamboo [Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) J. Houz.] culm

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

Effects on stone cell development and lignin deposition in pears by different pollinators

Effects on stone cell development and lignin deposition in pears by different pollinators

Enzyme Immobilization on a Delignified Bamboo Scaffold as a Green Hierarchical Bioreactor

Engineering the surface properties of bamboo scrimber to enhance the gluing properties

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