Characterization of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from two standard reference material air particulate samples

Wise, Stephen A.; Benner, Bruce A.; Chesler, S. N.; Hilpert, L.R.; Vogt, Corazon R.; May, Willie E.

doi:10.1021/ac00127a036

Cited by 95 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…[12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. However, suitability of many of these is limited to low aerosol loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of this, the Soxhlet extraction technique has been successfully used for the extraction of PAHs from standard reference materials (SRM-National Institute of Standards and Tech-Isomer Ratios from Biomass Burning Emissions nology) [14,18]. However, the current demand for ecofriendly environment requires minimum consumption of solvents and rapid sample preparation, without compromising the accuracy and precision.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Precision GC-MS Analysis of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Isomer Ratios from Biomass Burning Emissions

Rajput¹,

Sarin²,

Rengarajan³

2011

JEP

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This manuscript describes an analytical method for the quantitative determination of 16-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), followed by purification on a silica cartridge, and subsequent measurement by gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The solvent extraction parameters (T = 100 ˚C, P = 1500 psi, t = 30 min, V = 30 ml) are optimized with dichloromethane ( DCM) in order to avoid fractionation effect, thereby achieving quantitative mass recovery of PAHs. The purification of PAHs on silica cartridge eliminates the matrix effect, facilitates their enrichment from extracted solution and quantitative determination in presence of an internal-standard (Pyrene-D10). The analytical protocol has been successfully used for the quantification of 16-PAHs and their isomer ratios in atmospheric aerosols collected from northern India dominated by agriculturalwaste (post-harvest paddy and wheat residue) burning emissions. Based on the analysis of ambient aerosols, collectedfrom different sites, the overall recovery efficiency for 2-to 3-ring PAHs is 85% and near 100% recovery for 4-to 6-ring compounds.

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“…[12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. However, suitability of many of these is limited to low aerosol loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Precision GC-MS Analysis of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Isomer Ratios from Biomass Burning Emissions

Rajput¹,

Sarin²,

Rengarajan³

2011

JEP

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“…Several fluorescence wavelength programs were developed by other research groups to quantitate PAHs [16-181. However, none of these programs were reported to quantitate alkyl-PAHs simultaneously with parent compounds. Although this is not usually a problem for PAH samples collected in outdoor air in U.S. cities [5,19], indoor air is frequently impacted by ETS which contains alkyl-PAHs at levels similar to those of the parent compounds. A few of the reported methods were tested only on the synthetic mixtures, but real world samples are considerably more complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Fluorescence Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Other Airborne Particles

Mahanama

Gundel

Daisey

1994

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

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“…Group 1 carcinogens refer to compounds ranked as known human carcinogens by the World Health Organization, IARC (11). Comparatively, fjord-region PAHs, such as benzo[g]chrysene (B[g]C) and benzo [c]phenanthrene (B[c]Ph), are present at concentrations of 0.07 and 0.9 μg/g respectively (10). Despite the lower occurrence of the fjord-region PAH, these compounds are of interest because bay-region substitution of PAH (methylation) or introduction of a fjord-region is known to result in an increase in mutagenicity and carcinogenicity over the unsubstituted PAH (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fjord-region Benzo[g]chrysene-11,12-dihydrodiol and Benzo[c]phenanthrene-3,4-dihydrodiol as Substrates for Rat Liver Dihydrodiol Dehydrogenase (AKR1C9): Structural Basis for Stereochemical Preference

Shultz

Palackal

Mangal

et al. 2008

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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This study demonstrates that benzo[g]chrysene-11,12-dihydrodiol (B[g]C-11,12-dihydrodiol) derived from the fjord-region parent hydrocarbon B[g]C is oxidized by rat AKR1C9 with a k cat / K m 100 times greater than that observed with the commonly studied bay-region benzo -11,12dihydrodiol were purified by chiral RP-HPLC. The 11S,12S-stereoisomer was oxidized at the same rate as the racemate. The 11R,12R-stereoisomer did not act as an inhibitor to AKR1C9, indicating that the (-)-R,R-stereoisomer was excluded from the active site. To understand the basis of stereochemical preference, we screened alanine-scanning mutants of active site residues of AKR1C9. These studies revealed that in comparison to the wild type, F129A, W227A, and Y310A enabled the oxidation of both the B[g]C-11S,12S-dihydrodiol and the B[g]C-11R,12R-dihydrodiol. Molecular modeling revealed that unlike B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol and B[c]Ph-3,4-dihydrodiol, B[g]C-11,12-dihydrodiol enantiomers are significantly bent out of plane. As a consequence, the (-)-R,R-stereoisomer was prevented from binding to the active site because of unfavorable interactions with F129, W227, or Y310. Additionally, LC/MS validated that the product of the reaction of B[g]C-11,12-dihydrodiol oxidation catalyzed by AKR1C9 was B[g] C-11,12-dione, which was trapped in vitro with the nucleophile 2-mercaptoethanol. The similarity between rates of trans-dihydrodiol oxidation by the rat and human liver specific AKRs (AKR1C9 and AKR1C4) implicate these enzymes in hepatocarcinogenesis in rats observed with the fjordregion PAH.

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Characterization of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from two standard reference material air particulate samples

Cited by 95 publications

References 15 publications

High-Precision GC-MS Analysis of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Isomer Ratios from Biomass Burning Emissions

High-Precision GC-MS Analysis of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Isomer Ratios from Biomass Burning Emissions

Selective Fluorescence Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Other Airborne Particles

Fjord-region Benzo[g]chrysene-11,12-dihydrodiol and Benzo[c]phenanthrene-3,4-dihydrodiol as Substrates for Rat Liver Dihydrodiol Dehydrogenase (AKR1C9): Structural Basis for Stereochemical Preference

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