Characterization of the Virus of Sialodacryoadenitis of Rats: A Member of the Coronavirus Group

Bhatt, P. N.; Percy, D. H.; Jonas, A M

doi:10.1093/infdis/126.2.123

Cited by 76 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Rat coronavirus (RCoV) is a member of the group 2a coronaviruses, like human CoV OC43 and HKU1, and it causes epidemics of respiratory disease in laboratory rat colonies. The two prototype strains of RCoV are sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV) and Parker's RCoV (RCoV-P) (Bhatt et al, 1972;Parker et al, 1970). Both strains infect the respiratory tract, and SDAV can also infect the eye, salivary and lacrimal glands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rat respiratory coronavirus infection: replication in airway and alveolar epithelial cells and the innate immune response

Funk

Manzer

Miura

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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The rat coronavirus sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV) causes respiratory infection and provides a system for investigating respiratory coronaviruses in a natural host. A viral suspension in the form of a microspray aerosol was delivered by intratracheal instillation into the distal lung of 6-8-weekold Fischer 344 rats. SDAV inoculation produced a 7 % body weight loss over a 5 day period that was followed by recovery over the next 7 days. SDAV caused focal lesions in the lung, which were most severe on day 4 post-inoculation (p.i.). Immunofluorescent staining showed that four cell types supported SDAV virus replication in the lower respiratory tract, namely Clara cells, ciliated cells in the bronchial airway and alveolar type I and type II cells in the lung parenchyma. In bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) a neutrophil influx increased the population of neutrophils to 45 % compared with 6 % of the cells in control samples on day 2 after mock inoculation. Virus infection induced an increase in surfactant protein SP-D levels in BALF of infected rats on days 4 and 8 p.i. that subsided by day 12. The concentrations of chemokines MCP-1, LIX and CINC-1 in BALF increased on day 4 p.i., but returned to control levels by day 8. Intratracheal instillation of rats with SDAV coronavirus caused an acute, self-limited infection that is a useful model for studying the early events of the innate immune response to respiratory coronavirus infections in lungs of the natural virus host. INTRODUCTIONThe large volume of air inhaled each day and the extensive surface area of the lung makes the respiratory system especially vulnerable to airborne infectious agents. These pathogens include many respiratory viruses such as influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus and coronaviruses (CoVs). Respiratory tract infections are the leading cause of infectious disease globally (WHO, 2004). The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in [2002][2003] emphasized the vulnerability of humans to respiratory virus diseases and the potential for high morbidity and mortality in viral infections of the lower respiratory tract. The aetiological agent of SARS was identified as a coronavirus (SARS-CoV) derived from an animal reservoir (Fouchier et al., 2003). Besides human infections, CoVs cause respiratory, enteric and neurological infections in a variety of birds and mammals (Weiss & Navas-Martin, 2005). Five human CoVs have been identified to date, all of which cause respiratory tract infections. Human CoVs 229E and OC43 were first identified in the 1960s, and they cause up to 15-35 % of the adult colds in otherwise healthy individuals (Kahn & McIntosh, 2005). After the discovery of SARS-CoV, two additional human CoVs were identified, NL63 and HKU1 (van der Hoek et al., 2004;Woo et al., 2005). On a global basis, the human CoVs 229E, OC43, HKU1 and NL63 are estimated to cause approximately 10 % of all hospitalizations of children for respiratory tract infections (Gerna et al., 2007;Vabret et al., 2008).A number of animal mod...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two prototype strains of RCoV are sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV) and Parker's RCoV (RCoV-P) (Bhatt et al, 1972;Parker et al, 1970). Both strains infect the respiratory tract, and SDAV can also infect the eye, salivary and lacrimal glands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rat respiratory coronavirus infection: replication in airway and alveolar epithelial cells and the innate immune response

Funk

Manzer

Miura

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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show abstract

“…Three days later, the brains were taken from mice showing circling, rolling, convulsion and paralysis, and the CF antigen was prepared by sucrose-acetone extraction according to Bhatt et al [2]. SDAV antigens was also prepared from infected LBC culture according to Hirano et al [6].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV), complement fixation (CF) reaction with mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), which shares common antigens with SDAV, has been routinely used in Japan [4,15,17], while antigenic relatedness between SDAV and MHV has not been thoroughly investigated. Of SDAV antigen used in the U. S. A. certain problems in its preparation procedures and specificity have been described [1,2,161.…”

Section: Seromonitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Serum Antibodies Using LBC Cell-grown Sialodacryoadenitis (SDA) Virus

Utsumi

Ishikawa

Yokota

et al. 1991

Experimental Animals

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“…It is reasonable to consider that anti-MHV antibodies detected in diseased rats are related to causative agent which might share common antigen with MHV [1]. Interestingly, high positive rates of anti-MHV antibodies were observed for 500 days after the disappearance of clinical signs in the colonies despite of comparatively short cycle epizootic the disease.…”

Section: Epizootologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Clinical and Epizootological Observations of Infectious Sialoadenitis in Rats

Utsumi

Maeda

Tazaki

et al. 1978

Experimental Animals

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Characterization of the Virus of Sialodacryoadenitis of Rats: A Member of the Coronavirus Group

Cited by 76 publications

References 10 publications

Rat respiratory coronavirus infection: replication in airway and alveolar epithelial cells and the innate immune response

Rat respiratory coronavirus infection: replication in airway and alveolar epithelial cells and the innate immune response

Detection of Serum Antibodies Using LBC Cell-grown Sialodacryoadenitis (SDA) Virus

Some Clinical and Epizootological Observations of Infectious Sialoadenitis in Rats

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