Characterization of the Volatile Profiles of Six Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Cultivars

Kumeroa, Fern; Komahan, Shanika; Sofkova-Bobcheva, Svetla; McCormick, Andrea Clavijo

doi:10.3390/agronomy12112651

Cited by 11 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Several investigations have sought to increase cannabinoid content using JA or methyl-JA treatments on Cannabis flowers [ 154 ], leaves [ 155 ], or cell cultures [ 156 ] and have been met with mixed results. Studies that analyze oxylipin levels in Cannabis tissues or products have focused on volatiles from above-ground tissues [ 157 ], seeds [ 158 ], or seed oil [ 159 , 160 ] as components of their odor profiles. Recently, it was found that sex impacts the distinct oxylipin species that accumulate in the Cannabis flower.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxylipin biosynthetic gene families of Cannabis sativa

et al. 2023

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Cannabis sativa is a global multi-billion-dollar cash crop with numerous industrial uses, including in medicine and recreation where its value is largely owed to the production of pharmacological and psychoactive metabolites known as cannabinoids. Often underappreciated in this role, the lipoxygenase (LOX)-derived green leaf volatiles (GLVs), also known as the scent of cut grass, are the hypothetical origin of hexanoic acid, the initial substrate for cannabinoid biosynthesis. The LOX pathway is best known as the primary source of plant oxylipins, molecules analogous to the eicosanoids from mammalian systems. These molecules are a group of chemically and functionally diverse fatty acid-derived signals that govern nearly all biological processes including plant defense and development. The interaction between oxylipin and cannabinoid biosynthetic pathways remains to be explored. Despite their unique importance in this crop, there has not been a comprehensive investigation focusing on the genes responsible for oxylipin biosynthesis in any Cannabis species. This study documents the first genome-wide catalogue of the Cannabis sativa oxylipin biosynthetic genes and identified 21 LOX, five allene oxide synthases (AOS), three allene oxide cyclases (AOC), one hydroperoxide lyase (HPL), and five 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductases (OPR). Gene collinearity analysis found chromosomal regions containing several isoforms maintained across Cannabis, Arabidopsis, and tomato. Promoter, expression, weighted co-expression genetic network, and functional enrichment analysis provide evidence of tissue- and cultivar-specific transcription and roles for distinct isoforms in oxylipin and cannabinoid biosynthesis. This knowledge facilitates future targeted approaches towards Cannabis crop improvement and for the manipulation of cannabinoid metabolism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxylipin biosynthetic gene families of Cannabis sativa

et al. 2023

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“…References included in the compilation of data presented in this work include concentration and emission measurements of ecosystems or prevalent forest vegetation. This work does not include bodies of literature on the emissions of specific cultivated crops − or on aromas or headspace of specific flowers or ornamental plants. − Any works captured by these search terms in these bodies of literature are included in the references in the prior statement but not compiled or discussed further in the present work, although a cursory review suggests the complexity and variability of the chemical class are similar in these works as that will be shown in the present work.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Missing Measurements of Sesquiterpene Ozonolysis Rates and Composition Limit Understanding of Atmospheric Reactivity

Isaacman-VanWertz,

Frazier,

Willison

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Emissions of biogenic reactive carbon significantly influence atmospheric chemistry, contributing to the formation and destruction of secondary pollutants, such as secondary organic aerosol and ozone. While isoprene and monoterpenes are a major fraction of emissions and have been extensively studied, substantially less is known about the atmospheric impacts of higher-molecular-weight terpenes such as sesquiterpenes. In particular, sesquiterpenes have been proposed to play a significant role in ozone chemical loss due to the very high ozone reaction rates of certain isomers. However, relatively little data are available on the isomerresolved composition of this compound class or its role in ozone chemistry. This study examines the chemical diversity of sesquiterpenes and availability of ozone reaction rate constants to evaluate the current understanding of their ozone reactivity. Sesquiterpenes are found to be highly diverse, with 72 different isomers reported and relatively few isomers that contribute a large mass fraction across all studies. For the small number of isomers with known ozone reaction rates, estimated rates may be 25 times higher or lower than measurements, indicating that estimated reaction rates are highly uncertain. Isomers with known ozone reaction rates make up approximately half of the mass of sesquiterpenes in concentration and emission measurements. Consequently, the current state of the knowledge suggests that the total ozone reactivity of sesquiterpenes cannot be quantified without very high uncertainty, even if isomer-resolved composition is known. These results are in contrast to monoterpenes, which are less diverse and for which ozone reaction rates are well-known, and in contrast to hydroxyl reactivity of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, for which reaction rates can be reasonably well estimated. Improved measurements of a relatively small number of sesquiterpene isomers would reduce uncertainties and improve our understanding of their role in regional and global ozone chemistry.

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Section: Cannabis Sativa: Volatile Organic Compounds (Vocs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cannabis sativa L. produces a wide array of secondary metabolites, but it is also a prolific producer of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) (22). One of the study reported the first analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emitted from hemp, Cannabis sativa cultivars grown in New Zealand (22). This work characterises, for the first time, the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emissions of six industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivars grown in New Zealand: CFX-2, CRS-1, Ferimon 12, Katani, Futura 75, and Finola (22).…”

Section: Cannabis Sativa: Volatile Organic Compounds (Vocs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the study reported the first analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emitted from hemp, Cannabis sativa cultivars grown in New Zealand (22). This work characterises, for the first time, the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emissions of six industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivars grown in New Zealand: CFX-2, CRS-1, Ferimon 12, Katani, Futura 75, and Finola (22). All plants release secondary metabolites in the form of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the environment (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37).…”

Section: Cannabis Sativa: Volatile Organic Compounds (Vocs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cannabis sativa: Release of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Affecting Air Quality

Malabadi¹,

Kolkar²,

Chalannavar³

et al. 2023

IJRIAS

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This review paper highlights about the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of Cannabis plants. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a large group of chemicals harmful to human health that are readily released into the atmosphere and participate in atmospheric photochemical reactions. Floral Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are often involved in defence and pollinator attraction. Cannabis cultivation and consumption may lead to additional environmental impacts. Studies found out that Cannabis plants emit a significant amount of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) which could cause indoor air quality issues. Indoor Cannabis cultivation is energy-consuming, mainly due to heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and lighting. Energy consumption leads to greenhouse gas emissions. Common compounds to all the tested hemp cultivars include β-myrcene, ϒ-caryophyllene, α-pinene, β-pinene and limonene, reflecting species specificity in the emission of these compounds. β-Myrcene was the most abundant compound in most of the outside hemp cultivars. The terpenes had an earthy musky, and fruity smell may contribute to the odour in Cannabis samples at the vegetative stage, flowering stage, and drying/curing stage. All hemp cultivars are the prolific emitters of terpenoids. The oxidation of highly reactive Biogenic Volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from Cannabis plants can lead to the formation of ozone and secondary Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (e.g., formaldehyde and acrolein). In hemp production, considerable odorous emissions occur during field retting. However, more research is needed to address how outdoor air quality is influenced by Cannabis cultivation facilities (CCFs) emissions.

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Characterization of the Volatile Profiles of Six Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Cultivars

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Oxylipin biosynthetic gene families of Cannabis sativa

Oxylipin biosynthetic gene families of Cannabis sativa

Missing Measurements of Sesquiterpene Ozonolysis Rates and Composition Limit Understanding of Atmospheric Reactivity

Cannabis sativa: Release of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Affecting Air Quality

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