Characterization of trace contaminants in syngas from the thermochemical conversion of biomass

Hoekman, S. Kent; Robbins, Curtis; Wang, Xiaoliang; Zielińska, Barbara; Schuetzle, Dennis; Schuetzle, Robert

doi:10.1007/s13399-013-0081-7

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…There was a decrease in the concentration of benzene by about six times when O 2 was increased from 225 ppm to The concentrations of the PAH compounds (naphthalene, methyl-naphthalene, fluorene, and acenapthene) also increased by several times as O 2 increased from 225 ppm to 2.5 vol.%. At temperatures above 100°C, these four PAH compounds are present entirely in the gasphase, whereas at 25°C (the syngas sampling temperature) they are distributed between the particulate and gas-phase [15][16][17]. Therefore, these specific PAH compounds will not act as poisons in catalytic reactions, or cause fouling of engines and turbines, in applications where operating temperatures exceed 200°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All syngas samples were collected before the final syngas cleanup (purification step). A dilution sampling and analysis approach recently developed and validated by DRI and REII was used to characterize trace contaminants in the syngas produced from thermochemical conversion of wood from the plant [15,16]. This dynamic dilution sampling system was employed to minimize the potential loss of polar organic and particulate species during the sampling of the hot syngas.…”

Section: Integrated Syngas Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trace gas and particulate-phase organic and inorganic chemical species were collected from the syngas stream and characterized using the following procedures as described previously [14][15][16].…”

Section: Characterization Of Integrated Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of oxygen on formation of syngas contaminants during the thermochemical conversion of biomass

Schuetzle¹,

Schuetzle²,

Hoekman

et al. 2015

Int J Energy Environ Eng

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The effect of oxygen on the formation of syngas contaminants during the thermochemical conversion of carbonaceous feedstocks has been quantified using an integrated biorefinery plant operated at a biomass input of about 4.5 metric tons/day. This plant combines solids steam reforming and gases steam reforming processes for the conversion of biomass to syngas. It was found that the presence of low concentrations of oxygen (in air) during the thermochemical conversion process had a significant effect on the formation of contaminants in the syngas. For example, particulate organic carbon compounds (organic particulate contaminants) increased from 3.3 to 122 mg/m 3 when the oxygen input was increased from 225 ppm to 4.1 vol.% during the thermochemical conversion of wood to syngas. It is proposed that the primary free radical ( Ã ) species H Ã , OH Ã , O Ã , CH 3 Ã and OOH Ã , formed from the presence of O 2 in this high-temperature process, react with the myriad of organic compounds in the syngas at varying rates, depending upon their structure and reactivity. These processes represent the primary chemical mechanisms for the formation of high molecular weight hydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, oxygenated hydrocarbons and polymeric materials, commonly referred to as organic particulate contaminants. The potential importance of these free-radical oxidation processes was supported by measuring the concentrations of selected oxygenated hydrocarbons in the syngas over a range of 225 ppm to 4.1 vol.% of O 2 in the thermochemical process. The concentrations of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (hydroxy-naphthalene, dihydroxy-naphthalene, dihydro-indene-2-one, and benzopyranone) increased by 732, 244, 83 and 195 times, respectively, when the oxygen concentration was increased from 225 ppm to 2.5 vol.%. These increases were due to the free-radical oxidation of the highly reactive PAHs during the thermochemical processes. The importance of these oxidation processes was further confirmed by studying the decrease of easily oxidized olefins. For example, the concentrations of 1,3-butadiene, acetylene, propene and ethene decreased by 9.3, 5.2, 4.5 and 3.4 times, respectively, when oxygen in the plant was increased from 1.6 to 2.5 vol.%. It is concluded that the formation of organic particulate contaminants during the thermochemical conversion of carbonaceous feedstocks can be minimized by maintaining the concentration of oxygen below 500 ppm.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Integrated Syngas Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of oxygen on formation of syngas contaminants during the thermochemical conversion of biomass

Schuetzle¹,

Schuetzle²,

Hoekman

et al. 2015

Int J Energy Environ Eng

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“…Natural gas is a very homogeneous resource and, therefore, the major source of syngas at present . The use of sustainable raw materials such as biomass and steel gas is technologically demanding due to varying C/H/O ratios of the feedstock (biomass) , its discontinuous supply (steel gas) and impurities that are present due to the chemical composition of the feedstock (e.g., sulfurous or nitrous compounds), which may hamper efficient processing of the syngas at later conversion stages , .…”

Section: Syngas Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syngas and Methanol‐Based Biorefinery Concepts

Frazão

Walther

2020

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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The use of syngas, which can be sustainably derived from CO 2 or from exhaust gases of steel mills, is gaining increasing interest for the synthesis of added-value products. In this review, the state of the art and technological challenges emerging from the use of this gaseous feedstock are described. In addition, the possibility of converting syngas into methanol and its subsequent use as the substrate in a microbial fermentation stage are discussed.

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“…13 It is reported that purified syngas contains very low level of contaminants. 16 Besides, ICEs are more tolerant toward contaminants as compared to gas turbines. Even though researches in the utilization of syngas in ICE are not significant in number as in the case of integrated gasification combined cycle, there have been related researches on SI engine applications, 2,17–21 specifically for naturally aspirated carbureted and port injection types, and dual-fuel compression ignition (CI) engine applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of injection timing on combustion, performance and emissions of lean-burn syngas (H₂/CO) in spark-ignition direct-injection engine

Hagos

Aziz

Sulaiman

2016

International Journal of Engine Research

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This article is aimed at exploring syngas as an alternative fuel for the modern gas engines. It presents the experimental results on the effect of start of injection on combustion, performance and emissions of a direct-injection spark-ignition engine powered by syngas of H 2 /CO composition. The engine was operated with wide open throttle at minimum advance to achieve maximum brake torque. Two different start of injections were selected to represent before and after inlet valve closing and the excess air ratio (l) was set at 2.3. The engine operation at start of injection = 120°before top dead center was found to be best for combustion and performance at speed up to 2100 r/min. At engine speed higher than 2100 r/min, this start of injection does not permit maximum performance due to injection duration limitation. Hence, early injection at start of injection = 180°before top dead center was adopted at higher speed with better combustion and performance. Therefore, best performance of syngas in direct-injection spark-ignition engine could be attained by setting start of injection at 120°before top dead center for lower speeds and at 180°before top dead center for speed greater than 2100 r/min. Even though fast combustion of syngas suggested late injection for better combustion, performance and emissions, its lower calorific value resulted in operational limitations for direct-injection system particularly at higher speeds maintaining air-fuel ratio close to the stoichiometry.

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Characterization of trace contaminants in syngas from the thermochemical conversion of biomass

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

The effect of oxygen on formation of syngas contaminants during the thermochemical conversion of biomass

The effect of oxygen on formation of syngas contaminants during the thermochemical conversion of biomass

Syngas and Methanol‐Based Biorefinery Concepts

Effect of injection timing on combustion, performance and emissions of lean-burn syngas (H₂/CO) in spark-ignition direct-injection engine

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Characterization of trace contaminants in syngas from the thermochemical conversion of biomass

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

The effect of oxygen on formation of syngas contaminants during the thermochemical conversion of biomass

The effect of oxygen on formation of syngas contaminants during the thermochemical conversion of biomass

Syngas and Methanol‐Based Biorefinery Concepts

Effect of injection timing on combustion, performance and emissions of lean-burn syngas (H2/CO) in spark-ignition direct-injection engine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Effect of injection timing on combustion, performance and emissions of lean-burn syngas (H₂/CO) in spark-ignition direct-injection engine