Characterization of transient through-thickness permeabilities of Non Crimp New Concept (NC2) multiaxial fabrics

Drapier, Sylvain; Monatte, Joël; Elbouazzaoui, O.; Henrat, P.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.01.002

Cited by 35 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Experimentally, the through-thickness permeability is determined in a saturated flow regime, as compared to transient flow for the in-plane permeability. This is primarily because of difficulties in monitoring the flow advancement through the thickness of the preform [18].…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transverse permeability of dry fiber preforms manufactured by automated fiber placement

Aziz

Ali

Zeng

et al. 2017

Composites Science and Technology

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This work presents a correlation between the transverse permeability of a preform and the process variability of the automated dry fiber placement manufacturing technique. In this study, an experimental and numerical analysis of the dry tape preform, with a focus on its through-thickness permeability, has been undertaken. Geometric models, containing flow channels of two different width dry tape carbon preforms, have been created in the TexGen modeller. A Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation has been undertaken to obtain the predicted through-thickness-permeability of the dry tape preform. A parametric study on the effect of different dry tape gap sizes on the permeability of the preform is presented. An in-situ compaction study, carried out in an X-CT machine, revealed that the gap sizes were irregular throughout the manufactured preforms. In addition, an experimental investigation of the through-thickness permeability, which is based on a saturated flow condition at a thickness corresponding to full vacuum pressure, is also presented. The permeability prediction based on the X-CT re-constructed geometric model has been validated using the experimental data. A further parametric study has revealed that the process variablity in automated dry fibre placement influences the through-thickness permeability by a factor of upto 5.

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Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transverse permeability of dry fiber preforms manufactured by automated fiber placement

Aziz

Ali

Zeng

et al. 2017

Composites Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although resin flow measurements are generally not performed in prepreg processes, they are routinely performed in resin transfer molding processes. For example, fiber optic sensors, used in the transmission or reflection modes and embedded at various locations in the layers of reinforcing material, have been used to measure resin flowing in the resin transfer molding (RTM) and resin film infusion processes [10][11][12]. However, optical fibers are fragile, and fiber optic sensors are not sensitive to resin flow inside fiber tows, so alternative approaches are often employed.…”

Section: Methods Of Determining Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Dependence of Resin Flow in a Resin Film Infusion (RFI) Process by Ultrasound Imaging

Thomas

Nutt

2009

Appl Compos Mater

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Ultrasonic imaging in the C-scan mode was used in conjunction with the amplitude of the reflected signal to measure the temperature dependence of resin flow rate in single layers of woven carbon fabric. The RFI samples were vacuum-bagged and scanned in a water tank at 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C. The measured flow rates were plotted versus inverse viscosity to determine the permeability in the thin film, non-saturated system. The permeability values determined in this work were consistent with permeability values reported in the literature. Capillary flow was not observed at the temperatures and times required for pressurized flow to occur. The flow rate at 65°C was predicted from the measured flow rates, and then measured in a 10-layer laminate. The investigation demonstrates that ultrasonic imaging in the C-scan mode in conjunction with the amplitude of the reflected signal is an effective method for measuring resin flow through fabric.

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“…However, these processes are not well adapted in the case of large part manufacturing because of large tooling cost. Some void formation may also appear when the resin travels large distances as its viscosity may increase before the part is completely filled as a result of partial curing [1]. The infusion processes such as RFI [2] consists of transmitting a stress with a vacuum bag on a stack of semi-cured liquid resin film and dry preforms ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hydromechanical loading and compressibility of fibrous reinforcements

et al. 2008

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Characterization of transient through-thickness permeabilities of Non Crimp New Concept (NC2) multiaxial fabrics

Cited by 35 publications

References 39 publications

Transverse permeability of dry fiber preforms manufactured by automated fiber placement

Transverse permeability of dry fiber preforms manufactured by automated fiber placement

Temperature Dependence of Resin Flow in a Resin Film Infusion (RFI) Process by Ultrasound Imaging

Hydromechanical loading and compressibility of fibrous reinforcements

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