Characterization of two duplicate zebrafish Cb2-like cannabinoid receptors

Rodríguez-Martín, Iván; Herrero-Turrión, M.J.; Velasco, Ezequiel Marron Fdez. de; González‐Sarmiento, Rogelio; Rodríguez, Roberto

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2006.09.016

Cited by 38 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This is a rare example of the presence of two complete and different nos2 genes in a vertebrate genome. The presence of duplicate genes is a well known phenomena in zebrafish (Amores et al, 1998;Nornes et al, 1998;Postlethwait et al, 1998;Lister et al, 2001;Bollig et al, 2006;Ishikawa et al, 2007;Rodriguez-Martin et al, 2007) and can be explained by whole genome duplication that occurred during evolution of the ray-finned lineage (Volff, 2005). Phylogenetic analysis identified bony fish nos2 genes as a branch that was distinct from that leading from catshark to mammalian nos2, suggesting that a more ancient duplication event took place before chondrichthyan/ teleostome split, with one duplicate lost in each branch (RobinsonRechavi et al, 2004).…”

Section: Zebrafish Genome Encodes Two Nos2 Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of zebrafish nos2a and nos2b genes

Lepiller

Franche

Solary

et al. 2009

Gene

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Section: Zebrafish Genome Encodes Two Nos2 Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of zebrafish nos2a and nos2b genes

Lepiller

Franche

Solary

et al. 2009

Gene

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“…The paralogs shared 98% identity, considerably greater than the usual 66% shared by paralogs that evolved from the teleost WGD event (Blomme et al 2006). In concurrence, Rodriguez-Martin et al (2006) attributed cnr2a-cnr2b to a recent duplication event caused by reverse transcription. Single-gene duplications occur at a high rate in the D. rerio genome (Blomme et al 2006), although D. rerio chromosome 16 evinces a low rate of intrachromosomal duplications (Woods et al 2005).…”

Section: Cb1 and Cb2 (Cnr1 And Cnr2)mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Two CB2 orthologs have been cloned from D. rerio (Rodriguez-Martin et al 2006). The paralogs shared 98% identity, considerably greater than the usual 66% shared by paralogs that evolved from the teleost WGD event (Blomme et al 2006).…”

Section: Cb1 and Cb2 (Cnr1 And Cnr2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A shifted repertoire of endocannabinoid genes in the zebrafish (Danio rerio)

McPartland¹,

Glass

Matias³

et al. 2007

Mol Genet Genomics

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The zebrafish has served as a model organism for developmental biology. Sequencing its genome has expanded zebrafish research into physiology and drug-development testing. Several cannabinoid pharmaceuticals are in development, but expression of endocannabinoid receptors and enzymes remains unknown in this species. We conducted a bioinformatics analysis of the zebrafish genome using 17 human endocannabinoid genes as a reference set. Putative zebrafish orthologs were identified in filtered BLAST searches as reciprocal best hits. Orthology was confirmed by three in silico methods: phylogenetic testing, synteny analysis, and functional mapping. Zebrafish expressed orthologs of cannabinoid receptor 1, transient receptor potential channel vanilloid receptor 4, GPR55 receptor, fatty acid amide hydrolase 1, monoacylglycerol lipase, NAPE-selective phospholipase D, abhydrolase domain-containing protein 4, and diacylglycerol lipase alpha and beta; and paired paralogs of cannabinoid receptor 2, fatty acid amide hydrolase 2, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, and transient receptor potential cation channel subtype A1. Functional mapping suggested the orthologs of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma lack specific amino acids critical for cannabinoid ligand binding. No orthologs of N-acylethanolamine acid amidase or protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 were identified. In conclusion, the zebrafish genome expresses a shifted repertoire of endocannabinoid genes. In vitro analyses are warranted before using zebrafish for cannabinoid development testing.

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“…cnr2 mRNA has been detected by RT-PCR in the adult zebrafish brain, intestine, retina, gills, heart, muscle, pituitary, and spleen (Rodriguez-Martin et al, 2007a). ISH also documented transcript expression in the pituitary gland.…”

Section: Zebrafish Ecb Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating cannabinoid biology in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Krug

Clark

2015

Gene

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The number of annual cannabinoid users exceeds 100,000,000 globally and an estimated 9 % of these individuals will suffer from dependency. Although exogenous cannabinoids, like those contained in marijuana, are known to exert their effects by disrupting the endocannabinoid system, a dearth of knowledge exists about the potential toxicological consequences on public health. Conversely, the endocannabinoid system represents a promising therapeutic target for a plethora of disorders because it functions to endogenously regulate a vast repertoire of physiological functions. Accordingly, the rapidly expanding field of cannabinoid biology has sought to leverage model organisms in order to provide both toxicological and therapeutic insights about altered endocannabinoid signaling. The primary goal of this manuscript is to review the existing field of cannabinoid research in the genetically tractable zebrafish model—focusing on the cannabinoid receptor genes, cnr1 and cnr2, and the genes that produce enzymes for synthesis and degradation of the cognate ligands anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol. Consideration is also given to research that has studied the effects of exposure to exogenous phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids that are known to interact with cannabinoid receptors. These results are considered in the context of either endocannabinoid gene expression or endocannabinoid gene function, and are integrated with findings from rodent studies. This provides the framework for a discussion of how zebrafish may be leveraged in the future to provide novel toxicological and therapeutic insights in the field of cannabinoid biology, which has become increasingly significant given recent trends in cannabis legislation.

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Characterization of two duplicate zebrafish Cb2-like cannabinoid receptors

Cited by 38 publications

References 32 publications

Comparative analysis of zebrafish nos2a and nos2b genes

Comparative analysis of zebrafish nos2a and nos2b genes

A shifted repertoire of endocannabinoid genes in the zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Elucidating cannabinoid biology in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

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