Characterization of Two New Serotypes of San Miguel Sea Lion Virus

Smith, Alvin W.; Prato, Catherine M.; Skilling, Douglas E.

doi:10.1159/000148874

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The human cases of marine Vesivirus disease which were described previously occurred in association with the North Pacific Basin, one in a laboratory scientist working with a marine Vesivirus who experienced a disseminated vesicular exanthem and the second in a field biologist working with marine mammals who had a vesicular exanthem on the face [Smith et al, 1998a]. One strain recovered from these human cases was by genome sequence related most closely to SMSV-5, the serotype known to infect more than 20 animal species and cause different clinical manifestations in them [Smith et al, 1977[Smith et al, , 1980a[Smith et al, , 1998bBarlough et al, 1986]. The other strain from a human case was of a new Vesivirus serotype.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Vesivirus viremia and seroprevalence in humans

Smith

Iversen²,

Skilling

et al. 2006

J. Med. Virol.

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Pathogenic caliciviruses of the genus Vesivirus circulate in oceanic ecosystems and spread to and among terrestrial mammals. Isolation of Vesivirus from natural and laboratory infections in humans led to this investigation of Vesivirus seroprevalence and viremia. Sera from four groups were tested for antibodies to Vesivirus as follows: blood donors whose units were cleared for donation, blood donors whose units were not accepted for donation solely because of elevated blood liver alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations, patients with clinical hepatitis of unknown but suspected infectious cause, and patients with clinical hepatitis of unknown cause but associated with blood transfusion or dialysis. Additionally, sera were tested for Vesivirus genome by three methods: dot-blot and two reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods. The calculated seroprevalence against Vesivirus virions within these groups (N = 765) was 12%, 21%, 29%, and 47%, respectively (P < 0.001 for group differences). Additionally, 11 (9.8%) of 112 sera tested yielded RT-PCR amplicons that by nucleotide sequence were distinct from each other and related to known Vesivirus. These data indicate that some blood donors in the population tested have serologic evidence of previous Vesivirus infection and some also have Vesivirus viremia. These results justify further investigation of an association between Vesivirus infection and illness in humans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Vesivirus viremia and seroprevalence in humans

Smith

Iversen²,

Skilling

et al. 2006

J. Med. Virol.

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“…The members of this genus have a broad host range and cause a variety of illnesses. Marine mammals such as pinnipeds and cetaceans are the natural hosts of SMSV, and infections can lead to abortions and vesicular lesions (50,52,55), whereas the primate calicivirus was originally isolated from a pygmy chimpanzee (54). At least 16 serotypes of SMSV have been identified, of which serotypes 1 and 4 have been further characterized (40).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter- and Intragenus Structural Variations in Caliciviruses and Their Functional Implications

Chen¹,

Neill

Noel

et al. 2004

J Virol

125

108

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The family Caliciviridae is divided into four genera and consists of single-stranded RNA viruses with hosts ranging from humans to a wide variety of animals. Human caliciviruses are the major cause of outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis, whereas animal caliciviruses cause various host-dependent illnesses with a documented potential for zoonoses. To investigate inter-and intragenus structural variations and to provide a better understanding of the structural basis of host specificity and strain diversity, we performed structural studies of the recombinant capsid of Grimsby virus, the recombinant capsid of Parkville virus, and San Miguel sea lion virus serotype 4 (SMSV4), which are representative of the genera Norovirus (genogroup 2), Sapovirus, and Vesivirus, respectively. A comparative analysis of these structures was performed with that of the recombinant capsid of Norwalk virus, a prototype member of Norovirus genogroup 1. Although these capsids share a common architectural framework of 90 dimers of the capsid protein arranged on a T‫3؍‬ icosahedral lattice with a modular domain organization of the subunit consisting of a shell (S) domain and a protrusion (P) domain, they exhibit distinct differences. The distally located P2 subdomain of P shows the most prominent differences both in shape and in size, in accordance with the observed sequence variability. Another major difference is in the relative orientation between the S and P domains, particularly between those of noroviruses and other caliciviruses. Despite being a human pathogen, the Parkville virus capsid shows more structural similarity to SMSV4, an animal calicivirus, suggesting a closer relationship between sapoviruses and animal caliciviruses. These comparative structural studies of caliciviruses provide a functional rationale for the unique modular domain organization of the capsid protein with an embedded flexibility reminiscent of an antibody structure. The highly conserved S domain functions to provide an icosahedral scaffold; the hypervariable P2 subdomain may function as a replaceable module to confer host specificity and strain diversity; and the P1 subdomain, located between S and P2, provides additional fine-tuning to position the P2 subdomain.

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“…Both outbreaks were traced to the consumption by swine of garbage that may have included material from marine mammals. Marine mammals are thought to be the reservior of this virus which has periodically found its way into terrestrial species (Smith et al 1977).…”

Section: California Sea Lionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural History of Oregon Coast Mammals

Maser¹,

Mate²,

Franklin³

et al. 1981

109

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Maser, Chris, Bruce R. Mate, Jerry F. Franklin, and C. T. Dyrness. 1981 The book presents detailed information on the biology, habitats, and life histories of the 96 species of mammals of the Oregon coast. Soils, geology, and vegetation are described and related to wildlife habitats for the 65 terrestrial and 31 marine species. The book is not simply an identification guide to the Oregon coast mammals but is a dynamic portrayal of their habits and habitats. Life histories are based on fieldwork and available literature. An extensive bibliography is included. Personal anecdotes of the authors provide entertaining reading. The book should be of use to students, educators, land-use planners, resource managers, wildlife biologists, and naturalists.Keywords: Natural history, mammals (marine), mammals (land), Oregon coast, wildlife habitat. ForewordIt is a privilege to write a foreword to Natural Hisfory of Oregon Coast Mammals. I have observed the production of this book since its inception and believe it has two qualities that especially recommend it: First, it is timely, attuned to the almost indescribable sense of frustrated urgency that environmental matters must be dealt with by a mixture of wisdom, information, and common sense that seems impossible to obtain. Second, this book is one of authority, by writers who are able to give the best and most accurate accounting of the ecosystems that make up the coastal region of Oregon. It can be looked on as a model for similar treatises, and in fact it contains much information that is applicable to other areas. Allow me to expand briefly on these two points.We are living in a schizophrenic time: There is need for wise use of our resources and there is the companion need for sensible conservation. As residents of the Pacific Northwest, a phenomenally satisfying part of the world, we see the requirement and the push to provide an ever-better life for more and more people. This may be called the "Development Syndrome." It is well known and self explanatory.At the same time we know the extreme preciousness of naturalness and nature, called by many terms and related to inner feelings. This may be termed simply and best as the "Concern for Nature Syndrome." This syndrome is difficult to describe for it is different in each person. It embodies emotional requirements of feelings and perceptions. It combines remembrances with objective appraisals and hopes for the future. It is concerned with a basic need for stability in a changing world, for places that are changeless from childhood memories through present experiences into plans for the future.As many writers have compellingly stated, wilderness (or varieties of wilderness as perceived by the individual) is the symbolic evidence of the concern for nature. We, each of us, have our own needs and our own interpretations, stated or not, as to how these needs may be manifested and fulfilled. Theodore Roosevelt wrote iii (Hunting Trips of a Ranchman, Century, 1885): "In the after years there shall come forever the memory ...

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Characterization of Two New Serotypes of San Miguel Sea Lion Virus

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

Vesivirus viremia and seroprevalence in humans

Vesivirus viremia and seroprevalence in humans

Inter- and Intragenus Structural Variations in Caliciviruses and Their Functional Implications

Natural History of Oregon Coast Mammals

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