Characterization of two SEPALLATA MADS-box genes from the dioecious plant Silene latifolia

Matsunaga, Sachihiro; Uchida, Wakana; Kejnovský, Eduard; Isono, Erika; Monéger, Françoise; Vyskot, Boris; Kawano, Shigeyuki

doi:10.1007/s00497-004-0230-z

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Several floral identity genes along with the MADS box, SLM genes, are also known to function in floral development of S. latifolia (Hardenack et al, 1994;Kazama et al, 2005). Moreover, RT-PCR with degenerate primers from the conserved regions of Arabidopsis MADS box proteins amplified three novel MADS box genes, SlAP3, SlSEP1 and SlSEP3, from young S. latifolia male flower buds (Matsunaga et al , 2004b. Furthermore, genomic Southern hybridization of SlAP3 with male and female genomic DNA showed that there are at least two paralogous sequences, one or more autosomal or X-linked SlAP3A/X, and one Y-linked SlAP3Y.…”

Section: A Mads Box Gene Linked To the Y Chromosomementioning

confidence: 99%

Sex chromosome-linked genes in plants

Matsunaga

2006

Genes Genet. Syst.

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Recent studies of plant sex chromosome-linked genes have revealed many interesting characteristics, although there are limited reports about heteromorphic sex chromosomes in flowering plants. Sex chromosome-linked genes in angiosperms have been characterized mainly in the dioecious plant Silene latifolia . Although all such genes were isolated from transcripts of male flower buds of S. latifolia , most seem to be housekeeping genes except for the petal-and stamen-specific MADS box gene on the Y chromosome ( SlAP3Y ) and the male reproductive organspecific gene on the X chromosome ( MROS3X ). Recent evolutionary studies have revealed at least three evolutionary strata on the X chromosome that are related to stepwise loss of recombination between the sex chromosomes. Moreover, genetic maps showed conservation of gene organization on the X chromosome in the genus Silene and substantial pericentric inversion between the X and Y chromosomes of S. latifolia during evolution. A comparison between paralogs on the sex chromosomes revealed that introns of the Y-linked genes are longer than those of X-linked paralogs. Although analyses of sex chromosome-linked genes suggest that degeneration of the Y chromosome has occurred, the Y chromosome in flowering plants remains the largest in the male genome, unlike that of mammals. Accumulation of repetitive sequences and the entire chloroplast genome on the Y chromosome appear to have contributed to this large size. However, more detailed studies will be required to help explain the basis for the fact that heteromorphic sex chromosomes in angiosperms are large.

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Section: A Mads Box Gene Linked To the Y Chromosomementioning

confidence: 99%

Sex chromosome-linked genes in plants

Matsunaga

2006

Genes Genet. Syst.

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“…Silene is the best studied of genera with heteromorphic chromosomes and although its Y chromosome harbors numerous intact genes, some with Xlinked counterparts, few of these genes are observed to have floral development function (Matsunaga, 2006). Among those genes found on the Y chromosome and known to be involved in flower development are an APETALLA 3 ortholog (Matsunaga et al, 2003;Nishiyama et al, 2010), two SEPALLATA orthologs (Matsunaga et al, 2004), and two WUSCHEL orthologs (Kazama et al, 2012). However, it is not clear if any of these genes function in a sexually deterministic fashion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender‐specific expression of GIBBERELLIC ACID INSENSITIVE is critical for unisexual organ initiation in dioecious Spinacia oleracea

West

Golenberg

2017

New Phytologist

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While unisexual flowers have evolved repeatedly throughout angiosperm families, the actual identification of sex-determining genes has been elusive, and their regulation within populations remains largely undefined. Here, we tested the mechanism of the feminization pathway in cultivated spinach (Spinacia oleracea), and investigated how this pathway may regulate alternative sexual development. We tested the effect of gibberellic acid (GA) on sex determination through exogenous applications of GA and inhibitors of GA synthesis and proteasome activity. GA concentrations in multiple tissues were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis. Gene function was investigated and pathway analysis was performed through virus-induced gene silencing. Relative gene expression levels were estimated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Inhibition of GA production and proteasome activity feminized male flowers. However, there was no difference in GA content in tissues between males and females. We characterized a single DELLA family transcription factor gene (GIBBERELLIC ACID INSENSITIVE (SpGAI)) and observed inflorescence expression in females two-fold higher than in males. Reduction of SpGAI expression in females to male levels phenocopied exogenous GA application with respect to flower development. These results implicate SpGAI as the feminizing factor in spinach, and suggest that the feminizing pathway is epistatic to the masculinizing pathway. We present a unified model for alternative sexual development and discuss the implications for established theory.

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“…However, only a limited number of genes have been isolated and characterized. They include MROS1 , 2 , 3 , 4 genes [Matsunaga et al, 1996[Matsunaga et al, , 1997, SlX1 / SlY1 [Delichere et al, 1999], SlX4 / SlY4 [Atanassov et al, 2001], DD44X / DD44Y ], MADS box genes SlAP3A, SlAP3Y, SlSEP1 and SlSEP3 [Matsunaga et al, 2003[Matsunaga et al, , 2004, SlMF1 [Matsunaga et al, 2005], SLssX / SLssY [Filatov, 2005b], SlX3 / SlY3 [Nicolas et al, 2005], and SlX6a/SIY6a , SlX6b/SIY6b , SlCypX/SICypY , SlX7/SIY7 [Bergero et al, 2007]. Most of these genes seem to be housekeeping genes.…”

Section: Genomic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silene latifolia: The Classical Model to Study Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes

Kejnovský

Vyskot²

2010

Cytogenet Genome Res

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This review summarizes older as well as recent data about the model dioecious plant Silene latifolia. This plant has been the subject of more than one hundred years of research efforts and its most conspicuous property is huge and well differentiated heteromorphic sex chromosomes, XX in females and XY in males. Due to this property the S. latifolia sex chromosomes have been often used for cytogenetic studies as well as for flow sorting and laser microdissection. Nowadays S. latifolia is the focus of genomic studies, molecular mapping, phylogenetic and population genetics analyses.

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Characterization of two SEPALLATA MADS-box genes from the dioecious plant Silene latifolia

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

Sex chromosome-linked genes in plants

Sex chromosome-linked genes in plants

Gender‐specific expression of GIBBERELLIC ACID INSENSITIVE is critical for unisexual organ initiation in dioecious Spinacia oleracea

Silene latifolia: The Classical Model to Study Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes

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