Characterization of Vibrio cholerae Strains Isolated from the Nigerian Cholera Outbreak in 2010

Dupke, Susann; Akinsinde, Kehinde A.; Grunow, Roland; Iwalokun, BA; Olukoya, D. K.; Oluwadun, Afolabi; Velavan, Thirumalaisamy P.; Jacob, Daniela

doi:10.1128/jcm.01467-16

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…cholerae O1 and pathogens other than vibrios were detected. The frequency and diversity of other pathogens associated with diarrhoea in Ghana, concurs with similar reports from Nigeria, Bangladesh, Tanzania and Sierra Leone [ 28 – 31 ]. This underscores the need to scale up laboratory-based surveillance of diarrhoeal diseases so that accurate identification of the specific aetiology of diarrhoeal diseases can be made using the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) approach to effectively identify causative agent to enhance appropriate therapy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

A molecular and epidemiological study of Vibrio cholerae isolates from cholera outbreaks in southern Ghana

Asare¹,

Otchere²,

Akyeh³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Cholera remains a major global public health threat and continuous emergence of new Vibrio cholerae strains is of major concern. We conducted a molecular epidemiological study to detect virulence markers and antimicrobial resistance patterns of V. cholerae isolates obtained from the 2012-2015 cholera outbreaks in Ghana. Archived clinical isolates obtained from the 2012, 2014 and 2015 cholera outbreaks in Ghana were revived by culture and subjected to microscopy, biochemical identification, serotyping, antibiotic susceptibility testing, molecular detection of distinct virulence factors and Multi-Locus Variable-Number of Tandem-Repeat Analysis (MLVA). Of 277 isolates analysed, 168 (60.6%) were confirmed to be V. cholerae and 109 (39.4%) isolates constituted other bacteria (Escherichia coli, Aeromonas sobria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae and Enterococci faecalis). Serotyping the V. cholerae isolates identified 151 (89.9%) as Ogawa, 3 (1.8%) as Inaba and 14 (8.3%) as non-O1/O139 serogroup. The O1 serogroup isolates (154/168, 91.7%) carried the cholera toxin ctxB gene as detected by PCR. Additional virulence genes detected include zot, tcpA, ace, rtxC, toxR, rtxA, tcpP, hlyA and tagA. The most common and rare virulence factors detected among the isolates were rtxC (165 isolates) and tcpP (50 isolates) respectively. All isolates from 2014 and 2015 were multidrug resistant against the selected antibiotics. MLVA differentiated the isolates into 2 large unique clones A and B, with each predominating in a particular year. Spatial analysis showed clustering of most isolates at Ablekuma sub-district. Identification of several virulence genes among the two different genotypes of V. cholerae isolates and resistance to first-and second-line antibiotics, calls for scaleup of preventive strategies to reduce transmission, and strengthening of public health laboratories for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing to guide accurate treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

A molecular and epidemiological study of Vibrio cholerae isolates from cholera outbreaks in southern Ghana

Asare¹,

Otchere²,

Akyeh³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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“…In addition, conventional PCRs for the determination of serotype serogroup-specific gene rfb were performed to confirm the identification of non-O:1/non-O:139 V. cholerae strains. Primers and probes were used as previously described [ 23 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heatwave-associated Vibrio infections in Germany, 2018 and 2019

Brehm

Berneking

Martins³

et al. 2021

Eurosurveillance

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Background Vibrio spp. are aquatic bacteria that prefer warm seawater with moderate salinity. In humans, they can cause gastroenteritis, wound infections, and ear infections. During the summers of 2018 and 2019, unprecedented high sea surface temperatures were recorded in the German Baltic Sea. Aim We aimed to describe the clinical course and microbiological characteristics of Vibrio infections in Germany in 2018 and 2019. Methods We performed an observational retrospective multi-centre cohort study of patients diagnosed with domestically-acquired Vibrio infections in Germany in 2018 and 2019. Demographic, clinical, and microbiological data were assessed, and isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results Of the 63 patients with Vibrio infections, most contracted the virus between June and September, primarily in the Baltic Sea: 44 (70%) were male and the median age was 65 years (range: 2–93 years). Thirty-eight patients presented with wound infections, 16 with ear infections, six with gastroenteritis, two with pneumonia (after seawater aspiration) and one with primary septicaemia. The majority of infections were attributed to V. cholerae (non–O1/non-O139) (n = 30; 48%) or V. vulnificus (n = 22; 38%). Phylogenetic analyses of 12 available isolates showed clusters of three identical strains of V. vulnificus, which caused wound infections, suggesting that some clonal lines can spread across the Baltic Sea. Conclusions During the summers of 2018 and 2019, severe heatwaves facilitated increased numbers of Vibrio infections in Germany. Since climate change is likely to favour the proliferation of these bacteria, a further increase in Vibrio-associated diseases is expected.

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“…From samples collected during the 2010 cholera epidemic in Nigeria, Oyedeji et al 34 identified the classical biotype while Dupke et al 35 the El Tor biotype, thus making it challenging to infer about the prevailing biotype in the present epidemic. Nonetheless, the El Tor biotype as identified by Dupke et al 35 may be more likely, given the identification of multidrug-resistant atypical El Tor strains from samples collected during the same epidemic by Marin et al 36 The CFR of 3.52% reported for the cholera epidemic is about two times as high as the 1.90% recorded in 2018 10 but lower than the 5.1% in 2010. 11 This could be explained by differences in the denominator population across the various epidemics.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Key Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, diagnostics and factors associated with mortality during a cholera epidemic in Nigeria, October 2020–October 2021: a retrospective analysis of national surveillance data

et al. 2022

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ObjectivesNigeria reported an upsurge in cholera cases in October 2020, which then transitioned into a large, disseminated epidemic for most of 2021. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology, diagnostic performance of rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits and the factors associated with mortality during the epidemic.DesignA retrospective analysis of national surveillance data.Setting33 of 37 states (including the Federal Capital Territory) in Nigeria.ParticipantsPersons who met cholera case definition (a person of any age with acute watery diarrhoea, with or without vomiting) between October 2020 and October 2021 within the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control surveillance data.Outcome measuresAttack rate (AR; per 100 000 persons), case fatality rate (CFR; %) and accuracy of RDT performance compared with culture using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Additionally, individual factors associated with cholera deaths and hospitalisation were presented as adjusted OR with 95% CIs.ResultsOverall, 93 598 cholera cases and 3298 deaths (CFR: 3.5%) were reported across 33 of 37 states in Nigeria within the study period. The proportions of cholera cases were higher in men aged 5–14 years and women aged 25–44 years. The overall AR was 46.5 per 100 000 persons. The North-West region recorded the highest AR with 102 per 100 000. Older age, male gender, residency in the North-Central region and severe dehydration significantly increased the odds of cholera deaths. The cholera RDT had excellent diagnostic accuracy (AUROC=0.91; 95% CI 0.87 to 0.96).ConclusionsCholera remains a serious public health threat in Nigeria with a high mortality rate. Thus, we recommend making RDT kits more widely accessible for improved surveillance and prompt case management across the country.

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Characterization of Vibrio cholerae Strains Isolated from the Nigerian Cholera Outbreak in 2010

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

A molecular and epidemiological study of Vibrio cholerae isolates from cholera outbreaks in southern Ghana

A molecular and epidemiological study of Vibrio cholerae isolates from cholera outbreaks in southern Ghana

Heatwave-associated Vibrio infections in Germany, 2018 and 2019

Epidemiology, diagnostics and factors associated with mortality during a cholera epidemic in Nigeria, October 2020–October 2021: a retrospective analysis of national surveillance data

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