Characterization of Viral Agents Causing Acute Respiratory Infection in a San Francisco University Medical Center Clinic during the Influenza Season

Louie, Janice K.; Hacker, Jill K.; Gonzales, Ralph; Mark, Jennifer; Maselli, Judy; Yagi, Shigeo; Drew, W. Lawrence

doi:10.1086/432800

Cited by 94 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Because the study was conducted in the flu season, a possible over‐representation of influenza prevalence cannot be eliminated. There is a lack of reliable comparative data in Japan on the prevalence of laboratory‐confirmed influenza among ARI cases, but studies conducted elsewhere 12 , 13 support our finding that influenza is the predominant ARI‐causing viral pathogen among the viruses tested for.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

The post‐infection outcomes of influenza and acute respiratory infection in patients above 50 years of age in Japan: an observational study

Ikematsu¹,

Takeuchi²,

Rosenlund³

et al. 2011

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Please cite this paper as: Ikematsu et al. (2011) The post‐infection outcomes of influenza and acute respiratory infection in patients above 50 years of age in Japan: an observational study. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(3), 211–217. Objectives Influenza can be a serious illness, especially for older people, and reducing the impact of influenza in elderly is important. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and postinfection outcomes of influenza among the over‐50 population in Japan. Design An observational study was designed to ascertain the proportion of influenza cases in a population aged ≥50 years with acute respiratory infection (ARI) and to determine the postinfection outcomes of their illness during the 2008–09 influenza season in Japan. Respiratory specimens obtained from a total of 401 patients were tested by PCR for influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV). The effectiveness of the seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine was estimated by a test‐negative case control analysis. Setting Seventeen outpatient clinics located in four separate areas of Japan. Sample Respiratory swab specimens from the ARI patients aged ≥50 years. Main outcome measures Laboratory confirmed influenza in patients presenting with ARI. Results In all, 89 (22.2%) of the patients were positive for one of the tested viruses; 70 (78.7%) with influenza, 17 (19.1%) with RSV, and 2 (2.2%) with hMPV. Cough (95.7% vs 73.4%), loss of appetite (67.1% vs 35.5%), absence from work (50.0% vs 23.0%), impact on daily activity (90.0% vs 62.5%), and caregiver absence from work (5.7% vs 0.6%) were observed higher in influenza patients. The duration of feeling weakness (6.3 ± 5.4 vs 3.6 ± 1.9 days) and average days of reduced activity (5.2 vs 3.6 days) were longer for influenza patients. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated to be 32.1% (95% CI: −14.9, 59.9%). Conclusions Influenza was the dominant ARI‐causing virus and the clinical and socio‐economic outcomes imposed on patients over 50 years of age was high for influenza.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

The post‐infection outcomes of influenza and acute respiratory infection in patients above 50 years of age in Japan: an observational study

Ikematsu¹,

Takeuchi²,

Rosenlund³

et al. 2011

Influenza Resp Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies conducted elsewhere in the World revealed that respiratory viruses were common in children with ARI. Bharaj et al [21] in a paediatric study in India reported a viral detection rate of 35.2%while Louie et al [22] in study in San Francisco, California in the United States reported a respiratory detection rate of 38%. Another study conducted in Australia reported a viral detection rate of 69% in ARI suspected patient [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Louie et al (22) found association of fever with detection of viral agents (Influenza and RSV) while patients with RSV were more likely to have wheezing at examination than were others. In another study in Hong Kong, more children infected with Influenza A, adenovirus and mixed viruses had higher fever [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aetiology of Acute Respiratory Infections in Children under Five Years in Nakuru, Kenya

Matu

Kikuvi

Wanzala

et al. 2014

JMEN

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“…Subjects were able to contribute multiple outcomes. M e a s u re m e n t a p p ro a c h -i n f l u e n z a -a t t r i b u t a b l e outcomes Although ILI is the usual surveillance case definition of influenza, less than 30% of ILI during influenza season is caused by influenza [23], which may additionally present as other respiratory [24][25][26] and non-respiratory conditions [5,27]. Consequently, influenza infections are rarely suspected or laboratory-confirmed, making direct measurement of infection difficult.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working-age adults with diabetes experience greater susceptibility to seasonal influenza: a population-based cohort study

et al. 2014

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Aims/hypothesis The aim of this work was to compare the incidence of illness attributable to influenza in working-age adults (age <65 years) with and without diabetes. Methods We performed a cohort study using administrative data from Manitoba, Canada, between 2000 and 2008. All working-age adults with diabetes were identified and matched with up to two non-diabetic controls. We analysed the rates of influenza-like illness physician visits and hospitalisations, pneumonia and influenza hospitalisations, and all-cause hospitalisations. Multivariable regressions were used to estimate the influenza-attributable rate of each outcome. Results We included 745,777 person-years of follow-up among 166,715 subjects. The median age was 50-51 years and 48-49% were women; adults with diabetes had more comorbidities and were more likely to be vaccinated for influenza than those without diabetes. Compared with similar adults without diabetes, those with diabetes had a 6% greater (RR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02, 1.10; absolute risk difference 6 per 1,000 adults per year) increase in all-cause hospitalisations associated with influenza, representing a total of 54 additional hospitalisations. There were no differences in the influenzaattributable rates of influenza-like illness (p = 0.06) or pneumonia and influenza (p = 0.11). Conclusions/interpretation Guidelines calling for influenza vaccinations in diabetic, in addition to elderly, adults implicitly single out working-age adults with diabetes. The evidence supporting such guidelines has hitherto been scant. We found that working-age adults with diabetes appear more susceptible to serious influenza-attributable illness. These findings represent the strongest available evidence for targeting diabetes as an indication for influenza vaccination, irrespective of age.

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Characterization of Viral Agents Causing Acute Respiratory Infection in a San Francisco University Medical Center Clinic during the Influenza Season

Cited by 94 publications

References 41 publications

The post‐infection outcomes of influenza and acute respiratory infection in patients above 50 years of age in Japan: an observational study

The post‐infection outcomes of influenza and acute respiratory infection in patients above 50 years of age in Japan: an observational study

Aetiology of Acute Respiratory Infections in Children under Five Years in Nakuru, Kenya

Working-age adults with diabetes experience greater susceptibility to seasonal influenza: a population-based cohort study

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