Characterization of water-soluble glucuronide and sulphate conjugates of aflatoxin B1. 1. Urinary excretion in monkey, rat and mouse

Wei, Cheng; Marshall, Maurice R.; Hsieh, Dennis P. H.

doi:10.1016/0278-6915(85)90281-9

Cited by 22 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The authors postulated that this effect is due to interactions with AhR signalling and Nrf2 binding to antioxidant and xenobiotic responsive elements (ARE/XRE). Already more than 25 years ago, Wei et al found that incubation of liver cells with the mycotoxin leads to formation of glucuronides and that aflatoxin glucuronides are detectable in the urines of AFB 1 ‐treated monkeys, rats and mice . No mutagenic activity was observed with these metabolites in bacterial mutagenicity assays with Salmonella strains while induction of revertants was seen after addition of glucuronidase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effects of coffee against induction of DNA damage and pre‐neoplastic foci by aflatoxin B₁

Ferk

Huber

Grasl‐Kraupp

et al. 2013

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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All brews reduced the frequencies of the hepatic foci. The most pronounced protection (reduction 82%) was seen with the caffeine containing metal and paper filtered brews. DNA migration was reduced between 65 and 75% with the caffeine containing brews. In additional experiments, clear protective effects were found with caffeine at dose levels that corresponded to those contained in the coffee. This observation indicates that the alkaloid accounts partly for the protective effects of coffee. Furthermore, our findings indicate that induction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase contributes to the chemopreventive effects of coffee since all brews increased the activity of this detoxifying enzyme.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effects of coffee against induction of DNA damage and pre‐neoplastic foci by aflatoxin B₁

Ferk

Huber

Grasl‐Kraupp

et al. 2013

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…It is known that ZEA, DON, and AF are rapidly absorbed, bio-transformed to metabolites such as conjugates, and excreted mainly in the urine after animal exposure (Dalezios et al 1973;Raj and Lotlikar 1984;Olsen et al 1985a;Wei et al 1985;Goyarts et al , 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and aflatoxin B1 and their metabolites in pig urine as biomarkers for mycotoxin exposure

Thieu

Pettersson

2009

Mycotox Res

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Methods to determine zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON), aflatoxins (AF) and their metabolites in pig urine were developed as biomarkers for pig exposure to the mycotoxins in feed. Urine samples were incubated with β-glucuronidase to cleave conjugates, extracted and cleaned-up with solid phase and immunoaffinity columns, followed by HPLC with UV and fluorescence detection. Good recoveries (83-130%), low variation (2-10%), and low detection limits (0.3-9.9 ng/ml) were obtained. The results of controlled AFB1 feeding trials found no difference in urine concentrations of AFB1 or AFM1 from pigs fed three different levels (127, 227, 327 µg/kg) of AFB1 in diets. The excretion of AFB1 and AFM1 in urine was on average 30% of the oral dose and the ratio AFB1 to AFM1 was around 23%. The analysis of 15 Vietnamese pig urine samples indicate a relatively high exposure of ZEA, DON and AF, which were found as toxin or metabolites in 47, 73, and 80% of the urine samples, respectively.

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“…aflatoxin B 1 is converted to metabolites like aflatoxin B 1 -epoxide and the hydroxylated aflatoxins M 1 , P 1 and Q 1 . The hydroxylated metabolites form glucuronide and sulfate conjugates that can be enzymatically hydrolysed by b-glucuronidase and sulfatase(Wei, Marshall, Hsieh, 1985).The European Union (EU) introduced measures to minimise the presence of aflatoxins in different foodstuffs. Maximum levels of aflatoxins are laid down in Commission Regulation (EC) No.…”

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confidence: 99%

Aflatoxins: Risk, Exposure and Remediation

Santini¹,

Ritieni²

2013

Aflatoxins - Recent Advances and Future Prospects

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Aflatoxins family includes a great number of lipophilic molecules produced by aerobic microscopic fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus. The chapter describes their chemical structure, chemical and physical properties, and aspects related to their presence in food and commodities. Aflatoxins presence in food is considered a real and severe risk to consumers for their toxicity. Aflatoxins levels and frequency of foods natural contamination as reported in the scientific literature are briefly analyzed. Focus is given to the different foodstuffs that may be at risk of contamination by Aspergillus and the subsequent accumulation of aflatoxins in the food chain. Bioavailability and bioaccessibility of aflatoxins will be discussed considering that these unwanted molecules can be assumed by the humans with the diet. Bioaccessibility, that deals with the fraction of micro-nutrients released from the food matrix during digestion and gastro-intestinal available for absorption, will be discussed with reference to aflatoxins bioaccessibility of during the digestion process, considering the relationships between the food matrix and its influences on aflatoxins fate. Bioavailability of the aflatoxins assumed from the diet depends on their stability during digestion, since they are released from the food matrix (bioaccessibility) and on the efficiency of their passage through the gastro-intestinal mucosa. The term bioavailability includes the concepts of availability to the absorption, metabolism, distribution of nutrients to tissues and bioactivity and indicates the fraction of micro-nutrients absorbed by the body and the speed with which these molecules are absorbed and made available at their site of action. Despite of the practical difficulties in measuring the distribution and bioactivity of aflatoxins on a specific human body organ, the bioavailability is the fraction of an oral dose of a compound or precursor of an active metabolite that reaches the bloodstream. Bioaccessibility includes the entire sequence of events that take place during the digestion of food material that can be assimilated by the body through the epithelial cells of the gastro-intestinal mucosa. Aflatoxins are often present in very small amounts or in traces and, for this reason, a part of the chapter addresses the advanced new chromatographic and spectrometric methods described in the literature and applied to research, that can reveal, even in trace amounts, aflatoxins in biological fluids as free form or as by-products, e.g. non-covalent adducts

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Characterization of water-soluble glucuronide and sulphate conjugates of aflatoxin B1. 1. Urinary excretion in monkey, rat and mouse

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Protective effects of coffee against induction of DNA damage and pre‐neoplastic foci by aflatoxin B₁

Protective effects of coffee against induction of DNA damage and pre‐neoplastic foci by aflatoxin B₁

Zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and aflatoxin B1 and their metabolites in pig urine as biomarkers for mycotoxin exposure

Aflatoxins: Risk, Exposure and Remediation

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Characterization of water-soluble glucuronide and sulphate conjugates of aflatoxin B1. 1. Urinary excretion in monkey, rat and mouse

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Protective effects of coffee against induction of DNA damage and pre‐neoplastic foci by aflatoxin B1

Protective effects of coffee against induction of DNA damage and pre‐neoplastic foci by aflatoxin B1

Zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and aflatoxin B1 and their metabolites in pig urine as biomarkers for mycotoxin exposure

Aflatoxins: Risk, Exposure and Remediation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Protective effects of coffee against induction of DNA damage and pre‐neoplastic foci by aflatoxin B₁

Protective effects of coffee against induction of DNA damage and pre‐neoplastic foci by aflatoxin B₁