Characterization of yellow and colorless decorative glasses from the Temple of the Emerald Buddha, Bangkok, Thailand

Klysubun, Wantana; Ravel, Bruce; Klysubun, Prapong; Sombunchoo, Panidtha; Deenan, Weeraya

doi:10.1007/s00339-013-7657-8

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, monovalent copper in the glass has a filled d-band which precludes charge transfer and therefore precludes optical absorption [27]. That the colorless glass contains Cu in the same chemical state, albeit in lower concentration [3], as the red glass indicates that the Cu 1+ species does not contribute to the coloration.…”

Section: Cu K-edge Xasmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The XRF spectrum of sample KMSR2 is substantively identical. Along with various trace transition metals commonly found [3] in these glasses, we find a substantial amount of arsenic and a trace quantity of gold. Arsenic is a common contaminant [21] in natural galena (lead sulfide, PbS), a possible source for the lead found in abundance in these glasses.…”

Section: Au L Iii Edge Xasmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The temple renovation included the use of mosaics composed of thin, mirrored glass in place of the more traditional gold-on-red lacquer art to decorate external walls and pillars of the Ordination Hall enshrining the Emerald Buddha [1,2]. These decorative glasses, commonly called Kriab mirrors, are leaded glass containing from 10% to 50% lead by weight (see Table 1 and reference [3]. They were fabricated in glasshouses sponsored [4] by Thai royalty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conservators of the Temple are interested in future restoration to more closely resemble the original visual appearance. Scientists at the Synchrotron Light Research Institute, Thailand's national synchrotron user facility, were asked to investigate [3] the composition of original Kriab mirror pieces from the Ordination Hall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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X-ray and optical spectroscopic study of the coloration of red glass used in 19th century decorative mosaics at the Temple of the Emerald Buddha

Ravel

Carr

Hauzenberger

et al. 2015

Journal of Cultural Heritage

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a b s t r a c tThe Temple of the Emerald Buddha in Bangkok, Thailand is noted for its glass mosaic decorations on exterior walls and statuary. The original mosaic artwork dates to the early 19th century and is composed of variously-colored, mirrored glass pieces. In this work, we examine the chemical composition and optical properties of the red glass manufactured at that time. Through the use of X-ray and optical spectroscopies, we demonstrate evidence that the 19th century craftsmen produced "ruby-gold" glass, wherein the red coloration is caused by the dispersal of nanoscale metallic gold particles throughout the glass matrix.Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

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Section: Cu K-edge Xasmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Au L Iii Edge Xasmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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X-ray and optical spectroscopic study of the coloration of red glass used in 19th century decorative mosaics at the Temple of the Emerald Buddha

Ravel

Carr

Hauzenberger

et al. 2015

Journal of Cultural Heritage

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“…The XAFS technique has also been used to study ancient and medieval glasses [ 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 , 158 , 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 , 163 , 164 ]. Different studies focused on the determination of the origin of color in ancient and medieval glasses because this kind of information is important to understand the manufacturing technique of ancient glassware and potteries [ 154 , 155 , 158 , 159 , 160 , 165 ]. Recently, Farges and Cotte published a chapter in a book where they update as compared to the most recent review papers published on the application of XAFS technique to study cultural heritage [ 166 ].…”

Section: Examples Of Using the Xafs Technique To Study The Atomic mentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) Studies of Oxide Glasses—A 45-Year Overview

Mastelaro

Zanotto

2018

Materials

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X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) spectroscopy has been widely used to characterize the short-range order of glassy materials since the theoretical basis was established 45 years ago. Soon after the technique became accessible, mainly due to the existence of Synchrotron laboratories, a wide range of glassy materials was characterized. Silicate glasses have been the most studied because they are easy to prepare, they have commercial value and are similar to natural glasses, but borate, germanate, phosphate, tellurite and other less frequent oxide glasses have also been studied. In this manuscript, we review reported advances in the structural characterization of oxide-based glasses using this technique. A focus is on structural characterization of transition metal ions, especially Ti, Fe, and Ni, and their role in different properties of synthetic oxide-based glasses, as well as their important function in the formation of natural glasses and magmas, and in nucleation and crystallization. We also give some examples of XAFS applications for structural characterization of glasses submitted to high pressure, glasses used to store radioactive waste and medieval glasses. This updated, comprehensive review will likely serve as a useful guide to clarify the details of the short-range structure of oxide glasses.

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Understanding the blue color in antique mosaic mirrored glass from the Temple of the Emerald Buddha, Thailand

et al. 2015

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Two samples of the blue glass produced in the middle 19th century from the Temple of the Emerald Buddha in Bangkok, Thailand, were studied in order to understand the origin of its blue color. The oxide components and trace elements are quantitatively determined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive and wavelength‐dispersive spectrometry and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy techniques. The results identify the glass type as soda‐lime‐silica glass with high lead content. The 3d transition elements detected include iron, manganese, cobalt, and copper. Combined analyses of X‐ray absorption near edge structures and optical absorbance lead to a conclusion that the antique glass is primarily colored in blue by the divalent cobalt with additional yellow coloration as a result of the trivalent iron. The tetrahedral coordination geometry of these two species was deduced from the XANES pre‐edge intensity and the optical absorption bands of their d‐d transitions. The redox ratios of Fe2+/Fe3+, Mn2+/Mn3+, and Cu1+/Cu2+ in the original blue glass and the reference glasses were determined by the K‐edge XANES analysis. The blue color of the antique glass can be reproduced in a laboratory glass on the basis of composition and melting conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Characterization of yellow and colorless decorative glasses from the Temple of the Emerald Buddha, Bangkok, Thailand

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

X-ray and optical spectroscopic study of the coloration of red glass used in 19th century decorative mosaics at the Temple of the Emerald Buddha

X-ray and optical spectroscopic study of the coloration of red glass used in 19th century decorative mosaics at the Temple of the Emerald Buddha

X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) Studies of Oxide Glasses—A 45-Year Overview

Understanding the blue color in antique mosaic mirrored glass from the Temple of the Emerald Buddha, Thailand

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