Characterization studies of biopolymeric matrix and cellulose fibres based composites related to functionalized fibre-matrix interface

Azammi, A.M. Noor; Ilyas, R. A.; Sapuan, S. M.; Ibrahim, Rushdan; Atikah, M.S.N.; Asrofi, Mochamad; Atiqah, A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102665-6.00003-0

Cited by 84 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 186 publications

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“…Starch is composed of both linear and branched polysaccharides, and is known as amylose (15-30%) and amylopectin (70-85%), respectively [11][12][13][14][15]. Starch can be extracted from sugar palm trunk (Arenga Pinnata), a multipurpose material with several industrial uses, especially in plastic packaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous study conducted by Ilyas et al [22], sugar palm starch films plasticized with glycerol and sorbitol and reinforced with sugar palm nanocellulose were developed to enhance their mechanical and barrier properties [25][26][27][28]. The mechanical properties of starch biopolymers can be improved with the addition of natural fibres [11,29]. The results reported were important for the continuity of the research because they gave information about the optimal formulation to produce composite films with better mechanical, thermal, and water barrier properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Compositions on the Mechanical, Physiochemical, Antibacterial, and Morphology Properties of Sugar Palm Starch Biocomposites for Antibacterial Coating

et al. 2020

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Antibacterial sugar palm starch biopolymer composite films were developed and derived from renewable sources and inorganic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as main ingredients for antibacterial coatings. The composite films were produced by solution casting method and the mechanical and physicochemical properties were determined by tensile test, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), antibacterial screening test and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images. It was found that mechanical and antibacterial properties of biocomposite films were improved after the addition of AgNPs compared with the film without active metals. The weakness of neat biocomposite films was improved by incorporating inorganic AgNPs as a nanofiller in the films’ matrix to avoid bacterial growth. The results showed that the tensile strength ranged between 8 kPa and 408 kPa and the elasticity modulus was between 5.72 kPa and 9.86 kPa. The addition of AgNPs in FTIR analysis decreased the transmittance value, caused small changes in the chemical structure, caused small differences in the intensity peaks, and produced longer wavelengths. These active films increased the degradation weight and decomposition temperature due to the more heat-stable AgNPs. Meanwhile, the average inhibited areas measured were between 7.66 and 7.83 mm (Escherichia coli), 7.5 and 8.0 mm (Salmonella cholerasuis), and 0.1 and 0.5 mm for Staphylococcus aureus. From the microscopic analysis, it was observed that the average size of all microbes for 1 wt% and 4 wt% AgNPs ranged from 0.57 to 2.90 mm. Overall, 3 wt% AgNP nanofiller was found to be the best composition that fulfilled all the mechanical properties and had better antimicrobial properties. Thus, the development of an organic-inorganic hybrid of antibacterial biopolymer composite films is suitable for antibacterial coatings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Compositions on the Mechanical, Physiochemical, Antibacterial, and Morphology Properties of Sugar Palm Starch Biocomposites for Antibacterial Coating

et al. 2020

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“…Starch-based polymers have real potential as feedstock to manufacture bio-plastic film on a large scale [ 39 ]. Starch-based edible film has similar mechanical properties and the transparent appearance with conventional plastic [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. On the other hand, these polymers have poor physical properties, such as fragile structure, short-term stability, low mechanical strength, high gas permeability, low heat distortion temperature, low water barrier resistance, and low melting viscosity for subsequent processes [ 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activities of Starch-Based Biopolymers and Biocomposites Incorporated with Plant Essential Oils: A Review

et al. 2020

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Recently, many scientists and polymer engineers have been working on eco-friendly materials for starch-based food packaging purposes, which are based on biopolymers, due to the health and environmental issues caused by the non-biodegradable food packaging. However, to maintain food freshness and quality, it is necessary to choose the correct materials and packaging technologies. On the other hand, the starch-based film’s biggest flaws are high permeability to water vapor transfer and the ease of spoilage by bacteria and fungi. One of the several possibilities that are being extensively studied is the incorporation of essential oils (EOs) into the packaging material. The EOs used in food packaging films actively prevent inhibition of bacteria and fungi and have a positive effect on food storage. This work intended to present their mechanical and barrier properties, as well as the antimicrobial activity of anti-microbacterial agent reinforced starch composites for extending product shelf life. A better inhibition of zone of antimicrobial activity was observed with higher content of essential oil. Besides that, the mechanical properties of starch-based polymer was slightly decreased for tensile strength as the increasing of essential oil while elongation at break was increased. The increasing of essential oil would cause the reduction of the cohesion forces of polymer chain, creating heterogeneous matrix and subsequently lowering the tensile strength and increasing the elongation (E%) of the films. The present review demonstrated that the use of essential oil represents an interesting alternative for the production of active packaging and for the development of eco-friendly technologies.

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“…This problem led to continuous global demand on improving living standards, which create the new development of technology based on renewable products [ 6 ]. Thus, natural fibers’ substitution as reinforcement over synthetic fibers in composite materials were seen to help in promoting environmental sustainability [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. These so-called biocomposites can be easily decomposed due to their biodegradability properties [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Unbleached and Bleached Nanocellulose on the Thermal and Flammability of Polypropylene-Reinforced Kenaf Core Hybrid Polymer Bionanocomposites

et al. 2020

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The thermal, thermo-mechanical and flammability properties of kenaf core hybrid polymer nanocomposites reinforced with unbleached and bleached nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) were studied. The studied chemical composition found that unbleached NCC (NCC-UB) had 90% more lignin content compared to bleached NCC (NCC-B). Nanocelluloses were incorporated within polypropylene (PP) as the matrix, together with kenaf core as a main reinforcement and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as a coupling agent via a melt mixing compounding process. The result showed that the thermal stability of the nanocomposites was generally affected by the presence of lignin in NCC-UB and sulfate group on the surface of NCC-B. The residual lignin in NCC-UB appeared to overcome the poor thermal stability of the composites that was caused by sulfation during the hydrolysis process. The lignin helped to promote the late degradation of the nanocomposites, with the melting temperature occurring at a relatively higher temperature of 219.1 °C for PP/NCC-UB, compared to 185.9 °C for PP/NCC-B. Between the two types of nanocomposites, PP/NCC-B had notably lower thermo-mechanical properties, which can be attributed to the poor bonding and dispersion properties of the NCC-B in the nanocomposites blend. The PP/NCC-UB showed better thermal properties due to the effect of residual lignin, which acted as a compatibilizer between NCC-UB and polymer matrix, thus improved the bonding properties. The residual lignin in PP/NCC-UB helped to promote char formation and slowed down the burning process, thus increasing the flame resistance of the nanocomposites. Overall, the residual lignin on the surface of NCC-UB appeared to aid better stability on the thermal and flammability properties of the nanocomposites.

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Characterization studies of biopolymeric matrix and cellulose fibres based composites related to functionalized fibre-matrix interface

Cited by 84 publications

References 186 publications

The Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Compositions on the Mechanical, Physiochemical, Antibacterial, and Morphology Properties of Sugar Palm Starch Biocomposites for Antibacterial Coating

The Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Compositions on the Mechanical, Physiochemical, Antibacterial, and Morphology Properties of Sugar Palm Starch Biocomposites for Antibacterial Coating

Antimicrobial Activities of Starch-Based Biopolymers and Biocomposites Incorporated with Plant Essential Oils: A Review

The Effects of Unbleached and Bleached Nanocellulose on the Thermal and Flammability of Polypropylene-Reinforced Kenaf Core Hybrid Polymer Bionanocomposites

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