Characterization techniques for heterogeneous nucleation from the gas phase

One-Step Aerosol Synthesis of SiO2-Coated FeNi Particles by Using Swirler Connector-Assisted Spray Pyrolysis

“…As a result, a region with a relatively high concentration of HMDSO vapor and low concentrations of FeNi aerosol formed, resulting in homogeneous nucleation. In contrast to heterogeneous nucleation, the homogeneous nucleation is defined by the formation of new particles from gaseous compounds in the absence of any surface . Moreover, another region was dominated by FeNi aerosol with a significantly low HMDSO concentration, which could explain the production of uncoated particles.…”

“…In contrast to heterogeneous nucleation, the homogeneous nucleation is defined by the formation of new particles from gaseous compounds in the absence of any surface. 37 Moreover, another region was dominated by FeNi aerosol with a significantly low HMDSO concentration, which could explain the production of uncoated particles. It is supported by the previous work from Teleki et al and Gass et al that the poor mixing between HMDSO vapor and core particles led to the separate SiO 2 particles with the presence of coated and uncoated particles due to homogeneous coating.…”

“…There are two possibilities to explain the improvement of the coating quality in the swirler case. First, a heterogeneous nucleation tendency from a proper mixing is provided by the swirling flow. ,, Heterogeneous nucleation is denoted by the initial step in the formation of new aerosol particles that deposit and evolve on the surface of the pre-existing (seed) particles . In our case, the seed particles are represented by the FeNi aerosol, while the deposited vapor is represented by HMDSO vapor.…”

“…18,35,36 Heterogeneous nucleation is denoted by the initial step in the formation of new aerosol particles that deposit and evolve on the surface of the pre-existing (seed) particles. 37 In our case, the seed particles are represented by the FeNi aerosol, while the deposited vapor is represented by HMDSO vapor. Second, the generated silica particles were deposited onto the core particles, followed by sintering.…”

Pressure-dependent performance of CEN-specified Condensation Particle Counters

“…where σs, Mw and ρl are the surface tension, the molecular weight and the density of the condensing fluid (in our case liquid butanol), R the universal gas constant and T the absolute temperature (Winkler and Wagner, 2022). This so-called Kelvin diameter represents the minimal particle size that gets activated at the conditions present around the particle.…”