In general, it is a non trivial task to determine the adjoint S * of an unbounded operator S acting between two Hilbert spaces. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a given operator T to be identical with S * . In our considerations, a central role is played by the operator matrix M S,T = I −T S I . Our approach has several consequences such as characterizations of closed, normal, skew-and selfadjoint, unitary and orthogonal projection operators in real or complex Hilbert spaces. We also give a self-contained proof of the fact that T * T always has a positive selfadjoint extension.1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 47A05, 47B25. Key words and phrases. Adjoint, closed operator, selfadjoint operator, positive operator, symmetric operator.