“…We denote the domination, total domination, and restrained domination numbers of G by (G), t (G), and r (G), respectively. Total domination in graphs was introduced by Cockayne, Dawes, and Hedetniemi [3] and further studied, for example, in [1,8,9,16], while restrained domination was introduced by Telle and Proskurowski [18], albeit indirectly, as a vertex partitioning problem and further studied, for example, in [5][6][7]11,15]. The concept of total restrained domination in graphs was also introduced in [18], albeit indirectly, as a vertex partitioning problem and has been studied, for example, in [12,17,19].…”