Characterizing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the surrounding environment and workplace of a secondary aluminum smelter

Chen, Shui‐Jen; Lee, Wei-Shan; Chang-Chien, Guo-Ping; Wang, Lin‐Chi; Lee, Wen-Jhy; Kao, Jen-Ho; Hu, Ming-Tsan

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.02.051

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…It can be seen that the PCDD/F concentrations in ambient air near the SeAl plants in our study were similar to those found near a crematory by Wang et al (2003), near a SeAl plant by Chen et al (2004), and near MSWIs (Oh et al, 2002;Xu et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2012b). However, the PCDD/F concentrations in ambient air near the SeCu smelters in our study were higher than those of industrial thermal processes listed in Table 3, so it is essential that intensive studies are performed to investigate the potential impacts of SeCu plants on their surrounding environments.…”

Section: Comparison Of Atmospheric Up-pops Concentrations With Some Isupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The PCDD/F concentrations in ambient air around SeAl plant and plants performing other industrial thermal processes have been studied previously, and the results are summarized in Table 3 (Oh et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2003;Chen et al, 2004;Shih et al, 2006;Xu et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2012b). It can be seen that the PCDD/F concentrations in ambient air near the SeAl plants in our study were similar to those found near a crematory by Wang et al (2003), near a SeAl plant by Chen et al (2004), and near MSWIs (Oh et al, 2002;Xu et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2012b).…”

Section: Comparison Of Atmospheric Up-pops Concentrations With Some Isupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Compared with the intensive research on MSWIs described above, relatively few studies of the concentrations of UP-POPs in the environments surrounding secondary non-ferrous metal processing plants have been performed. Chen et al (2004) found that PCDD/F concentrations in ambient air around a secondary aluminum smelter (SeAl) were higher when it was operating than when it was not operating. Colombo et al (2011) found that PCDD/F concentrations in soil samples around a SeAl plant decreased with increasing distance from the plant, and that the most contaminated sites were less than 500 m from the plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxins and dibenzofurans, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, and polychlorinated naphthalenes in the environment surrounding secondary copper and aluminum metallurgical facilities in China

Zheng

Nie

et al. 2014

Environmental Pollution

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a b s t r a c tUnintentionally produced persistent organic pollutants (UP-POPs) were determined in ambient air from around five secondary non-ferrous metal processing plants in China, to investigate the potential impacts of the emissions of these plants on their surrounding environments. The target compounds were polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dlPCBs), and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs). The PCDD/F, dl-PCB, and PCN concentrations in the ambient air downwind of the plants were 4.70e178, 8.23e7520 and 152e4190 pg/m 3 , respectively, and the concentrations upwind of the plants were lower. Clear correlations were found between ambient air and stack gas concentrations of the PCDD/Fs, dl-PCBs, and PCNs among the five plants, respectively. Furthermore, the UP-POPs homolog and congener patterns in the ambient air were similar to the patterns in the stack gas samples. These results indicate that UP-POPs emissions from the plants investigated have obvious impacts on the environments surrounding the plants.

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Section: Comparison Of Atmospheric Up-pops Concentrations With Some Isupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Comparison Of Atmospheric Up-pops Concentrations With Some Isupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxins and dibenzofurans, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, and polychlorinated naphthalenes in the environment surrounding secondary copper and aluminum metallurgical facilities in China

Zheng

Nie

et al. 2014

Environmental Pollution

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“…However, there is a lack of information about the concentrations of dioxins in the workplace air compared with intensive studies of dioxin emissions via stack gas from industrial thermal processes. 2−4,11−13 Although remarkably high levels of PCDD/F contamination have been observed in workplace air from secondary nonferrous metal processing plants in previous studies, 7,9 few investigations of the assessment of occupational exposure to airborne PCDD/Fs at the workplaces have been conducted, not to mention polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs). Furthermore, PCNs have recently been proposed for inclusion in Annexes A, B, and/or C to the Stockholm Convention, 2011.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure to Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans, Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in Workplaces of Secondary Nonferrous Metallurgical Facilities in China

Zheng

Liu

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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ABSTRACT:The concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs), and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) were determined in workplace air from eight secondary nonferrous metal processing plants to investigate occupational exposure to these toxic compounds. The total estimated daily intakes of PCDD/Fs and dlPCBs for workers by inhalation in the workplace were in the range of 0.15−9.91 and 0.13−8.59 pg of WHO-TEQ/kg of body weight (bw) for moderate and light activities, respectively. The daily inhalation doses for workers in the workplaces of three investigated plants exceeded the tolerable daily intake recommended by the World Health Organization. These results indicate that the risk of occupational exposure to dioxins by inhalation in the workplace of plants investigated was considerably high. For PCNs, the daily inhalation doses for workers in the workplace were in the range of 0.005−4.46 and 0.004−3.87 pg of TEQ/kg of bw for moderate and light activities, respectively, which were lower than those of dioxins. To identify the source of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PCNs in workplace air, their homologue profiles were compared with those in stack gas from the plants investigated. It was found that significant dioxin contamination in workplace air was mainly attributed to the emission of fugitive gas from smelting furnaces during reclamation processes. ■ INTRODUCTIONSecondary metal smelters primarily engage in the recovery of nonferrous metals and alloys from new and used scrap and dross. Scrap metal and metal wastes may contain organic materials, such as plastics, paints, and solvents. 1 High emissions of unintentionally produced persistent organic pollutants (UPPOPs) have been determined in stack gas of secondary nonferrous metal processing plants, caused by the combustion of these impurities in the presence of various types of metals during reclamation processes. 2−6 During the secondary nonferrous metal smelting process, the smelting furnace door would be open for feeding raw material, mixing, and other necessary operations. Therefore, fugitive UP-POP emissions can be directly released into the workplace air during the process. Several studies have been conducted to investigate polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) concentrations in the workplace air of some industrial thermal processes, such as sinter plants, municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs), and secondary aluminum and copper smelters. 7−10 Moreover, the results of these studies suggested that there was significant PCDD/F contamination in the workplace air of the industrial thermal process plants investigated. Shih et al. 8 investigated PCDD/F levels in the workplace atmosphere of a sinter plant, and their results indicated that PCDD/F concentrations in workplace air (0.55− 2.14 pg of I-TEQ/m 3 ) were obviously higher than that of the outside ambient environment (0.07 pg of I-TEQ/m 3 ). In a secondary aluminum smelter, PCDD/F concentrations during operation were ...

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“…Many studies have focused on PCDD/F emissions in thermal reaction facilities, including sinter plants, electric arc furnaces, secondary aluminum smelters, coal-fired power plants, and crematories (Rappe, 1992;Wang et al, 2003a;Wang et al, 2003c;Chen et al, 2004;Lee et al, 2004;Lee et al, 2005;Lin et al, 2007;Lin et al, 2010;Chen et al, 2011;Chiu et al, 2011;Kuo et al, 2011). Generally, the combustion temperature and chlorine content of raw materials plays an important role in PCDD/F formation (Lee et al, 2003;Wang et al, 2003b;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Temperature and CaO Addition on the Removal of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Fly Ash from a Medical Waste Incinerator

Wang

Hsieh

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The effects of thermal treatment temperature and CaO addition on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) content in the fly ashes from a medical waste incinerator with high chlorine content (7.5%) were investigated. Two kinds of batch mode were examined: without CaO addition under the temperature range of 50-850°C, and with CaO addition at various Ca/Cl molar ratios (CCR = 0.8-44.3) at 250°C.The results show that the PCDD/F content in raw fly ash was 6.20 ng I-TEQ/g. When elevating the temperature from 50 to 400°Cwithout CaO addition, the PCDD/F content dramatically increased from 5.38 to 575 ng I-TEQ/g. Even at 850°C, the PCDD/Fs were not destructed apparently and were still with a concentration of 401 ng I-TEQ/g. However, with the addition of CaO at CCR = 17.7 at only 250°C, the removal ratio of PCDD/Fs reached to 87.2% and the PCDD/F content was significantly reduced to 0.889 ng I-TEQ/g, which meets the soil pollution standard of Taiwan EPA (1 ng I-TEQ/g) and could be considered as backfill. CaO addition was proven efficiently to enhance the reduction rate of PCDD/Fs in fly ashes during the thermal treatment at a low temperature, as well as inhibit the formation of PCDD/Fs.

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Characterizing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the surrounding environment and workplace of a secondary aluminum smelter

Cited by 31 publications

References 3 publications

Characterization of polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxins and dibenzofurans, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, and polychlorinated naphthalenes in the environment surrounding secondary copper and aluminum metallurgical facilities in China

Characterization of polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxins and dibenzofurans, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, and polychlorinated naphthalenes in the environment surrounding secondary copper and aluminum metallurgical facilities in China

Occupational Exposure to Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans, Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in Workplaces of Secondary Nonferrous Metallurgical Facilities in China

Effect of Temperature and CaO Addition on the Removal of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Fly Ash from a Medical Waste Incinerator

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