Charge Asymmetry of Muons Generated in a Muon Generator from Ultra-Dense Hydrogen D(0) and p(0)

Abstract

Laser-induced nuclear reactions in ultra-dense hydrogen H(0) (review in Physica Scripta 2019) create mesons (kaons and pions). These mesons decay mainly to muons. The muons created are useful (patented source) for the muon-induced fusion process. The sign of the muons from the source depends on the initial baryons used. With D(0) (ultra-dense deuterium) the source produces mainly positive muons and with p(0) (ultra-dense protium) the source produces mainly negative muons. Negative muons are required for muon-induced fusion. This charge asymmetry was reported earlier, and has now been confirmed by experiments with a coil current transformer as the beam detector. The current coil detector would give no signal from the muons if charge symmetry existed. The charge asymmetry could indicate unknown processes, for example, caused by the different annihilation processes in D(0) and p(0). The conclusions of a new analysis of the results are presented here. Using D(0) in the muon source, the asymmetry is likely due to the capture of µ- in D atoms and D2 molecules. This leads to emission of excess µ+ from D(0). With p(0) in the muon source, the capture rate of µ- is lower than in D(0). The emitted number of µ+ will be decreased by the reaction between µ+ and the surrounding abundant electrons, forming neutral muonium particles. This effect decreases the amount of emitted µ+ for both p(0) and D(0), and it is proposed to be the main reason for a larger fraction of emitted µ- in the case of p(0). Thus, there is no dominant emission of negative muons which would violate charge conservation.

Reply to comment on ‘Ultradense protium p(0) and deuterium D(0) and their relation to ordinary Rydberg Matter: a review’

“…The bonding in H(0) is far from understood in all its details and any contribution to this science would provide further benefit. Also, the annihilation reactions and combinations of fundamental particles into novel types of atoms and molecules [25], are of great importance. The understanding of the full properties of H(0) is likely to change our view of the Universe [26], including the solar system [27].…”

“…The comments by H&E have not been able to touch this core of important experimental results concerning H(0). Science on H(0) has made documented progress in several publications since 2019, see for example [2,9,10,18,19,[25][26][27].…”