Charge carriers in rechargeable batteries: Na ions vs. Li ions

Hong, Sung You; Kim, Youngjin; Park, Yuwon; Choi, An-Seop; Choi, Nam‐Soon; Lee, Kyu‐Tae

doi:10.1039/c3ee40811f

Cited by 761 publications

(494 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…53 In the case of EC:PC based electrolytes FEC addition was found to significantly lower the conductivity of the SEI layer (see Figure 4) and to decrease the reversible capacity associated to the low potential plateau. 18 In parallel, our systematic studies on the electrolyte formulation allowed to conclude that electrolytes based on a mixture of EC and PC solvents, with either 1 M NaClO 4 or NaPF 6 , allowed much better capacity retention for hard carbon due to the beneficial effect of EC inducing the formation of a stable SEI layer. 20 An addition of 10% DMC to the solvent mixture was found to decrease its viscosity and hence enhance the ionic conductivity, still keeping the electrode polarization low upon cycling and allowing access to the full capacity of the low potential plateau (300 mAh/g at C/10 for more than 120 cycles).…”

Section: Electrochemical Performancementioning

confidence: 90%

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Review—Hard Carbon Negative Electrode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Irisarri

Ponrouch

Palacin

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

556

436

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A first review of hard carbon materials as negative electrodes for sodium ion batteries is presented, covering not only the electrochemical performance but also the synthetic methods and microstructures. The relation between the reversible and irreversible capacities achieved and microstructural features is described and illustrated with specific experiments while discussing also the effect of the electrolyte. A summary of the current knowledge is given while emphasizing the possibility of further performance improvements by thoroughly mastering structure-property relationships and also discussing the main current bottleneck to maximize energy density in real applications: the first cycle irreversible capacity. Finally, a short conclusion and perspectives session is provided highlighting necessary developments in the field to turn the present optimistic research prospects into tangible practical products. Intensive efforts aiming at the development of a sodium-ion battery (SIB) technology operating at room temperature and based on a concept analogy with the ubiquitous lithium-ion (LIB) have emerged in the last few years.1-6 Such technology would base on the use of organic solvent based electrolytes (commonly mixtures of alkylcarbonates with a dissolved sodium salt, typically NaPF 6 ) and two high and low potential operation electrodes which would exhibit reversible redox reactions involving sodium ions.In contrast to the large spectrum of suitable positive electrode materials identified, the choice is more restricted for the negative side, as is also the case for LIB. Indeed, sodium titanium oxides operating through intercalation reactions exhibit poor capacity retention 7,8 and alloy based electrodes 5 though promising at the laboratory scale, might suffer from practical bottlenecks derived from the large volumetric changes associated to their redox operation as is the case in LIB. 9,10 To date thus, only carbonaceous materials have practically proved viability.Most types of carbon react with lithium ions to a certain extent at low potential (∼0.1-1 V vs. Li + /Li) and are thus suitable for use as negative electrode materials. Hard carbons can deliver high capacity since the random alignment of small-dimensional graphene layers provides significant porosity able to accommodate lithium, 11 yet the rate capability (power performance) is usually limited and the irreversible capacity (mostly consumed in the formation of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI)) is higher than that of graphite. This fact coupled to its higher density which results in higher volumetric capacity has contributed to graphite being the most widely used commercial negative electrode material in LIB. Since graphite is not able to insert sodium ions 12,13 unless solvated to form ternary intercalation compounds, 14 non-graphitic carbons were already investigated a few years ago. 15,16These were found to exhibit first cycle reversible capacities in the range of 100-300 mAh/g with substantial fading upon cycling but still enabled the realization...

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Section: Electrochemical Performancementioning

confidence: 90%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Such technology would base on the use of organic solvent based electrolytes (commonly mixtures of alkylcarbonates with a dissolved sodium salt, typically NaPF 6 ) and two high and low potential operation electrodes which would exhibit reversible redox reactions involving sodium ions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Hard Carbon Negative Electrode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Irisarri

Ponrouch

Palacin

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

556

436

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“…[55] These characteristics primarily originate from the properties of the active materials, the compatibility between cathode and anode, the selection of binder and separator, and the electrolyte optimization. The nonaqueous sodium-ion full-cell systems can be classified into two different types in terms of the active materials employed in the cathode and anode: symmetric and asymmetric.…”

Section: Nonaqueous Sodium-ion Full-cell Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium‐Ion Batteries: From Academic Research to Practical Commercialization

Deng

Luo

Chou

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

598

356

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Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as the most promising candidate for large‐scale energy storage system owing to the economic efficiency resulting from abundant sodium resources, superior safety, and similar chemical properties to the commercial lithium‐ion battery. Despite the long period of academic research, how to realize sodium‐ion battery commercialization for market applications is still a great challenge. Thus, from the perspective of future practical application, this review will identify the factors that are restricting commercialization, and evaluate the existing active materials and sodium‐ion‐based full‐cell system. The design and development trends that are needed for SIBs to meet the requirements of practical applications in large‐scale energy storage will also be discussed in detail.

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“…Other advantages in sodium-ion systems are similarr eduction potentials (2.94 V versus H 2 /Pt relative to 3.04 Vv sH 2 /Pt for Li)a nd the similarity in chemical properties. [8,72] The disadvantages include the size of the sodium cation, whichr equires larger volumes for insertion/extraction, and the relatively sluggish insertion/extraction reactions relative to lithium predominantly due to kinetic effects. [8,72] Nonetheless, sodium-ion batteries are now attracting significant interest, as demonstrated by approximately 400 publications until 2012, 98 in 2012, and around 220 in 2013 (Web of Science).…”

Section: Sodium-based Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Powder Diffraction Studies of Electrode Materials in Rechargeable Batteries

et al. 2015

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The ability to directly track the charge carrier in a battery as it inserts/extracts from an electrode during charge/discharge provides unparalleled insight for researchers into the working mechanism of the device. This crystallographic-electrochemical information can be used to design new materials or modify electrochemical conditions to improve battery performance characteristics, such as lifetime. Critical to collecting operando data used to obtain such information insitu while a battery functions are X-ray and neutron diffractometers with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to capture complex and subtle structural changes. The number of operando battery experiments has dramatically increased in recent years, particularly those involving neutron powder diffraction. Herein, the importance of structure-property relationships to understanding battery function, why insitu experimentation is critical to this, and the types of experiments and electrochemical cells required to obtain such information are described. For each battery type, selected research that showcases the power of insitu and operando diffraction experiments to understand battery function is highlighted and future opportunities for such experiments are discussed. The intention is to encourage researchers to use insitu and operando techniques and to provide a concise overview of this area of research.Keywords situ, batteries, diffraction, studies, powder, electrode, materials, rechargeable Disciplines Engineering | Science and Technology Studies Publication DetailsSharma, N., Pang, W. Kong., Guo, Z. & Peterson, V. K. (2015). In situ powder diffraction studies of electrode materials in rechargeable batteries. ChemSusChem: chemistry and sustainability, energy and materials, 8 (17), 2826-2853. This journal article is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow.edu.au/eispapers/4279 In Situ Powder Diffraction Studies of Electrode Materials in Rechargeable BatteriesNeerajS harma,* [a] Wei Kong Pang, [b, c] Zaiping Guo, [c] and Vanessa K. Peterson [b] ChemSusChem 2015, 8,2826 -2853 2 015 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim 2826 Reviews DOI:1 0.1002/cssc.201500152 Batteries and Energy StorageIncreasingw orldwide need for energy is depleting our main energy sources, including fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Concurrently,t he combustion of fossil fuels is increasing harmful greenhouse gas emissionsa nd other environmentalp ollutants. Renewable ands ustainable energy is required to solve such problems. To enabler enewable energy, energy conversion and storage systems are essential to smooth out the intermittent nature of generation. There are an umber of energy-conversion and storage systems (e.g.,f lywheels), but lithium-ion rechargeable batteries are proving to be the dominantr echargeableb attery system. This is because of their high energy density,h igh power density,a nd higher operating voltage comparedw ith other rechargeable batteries, such as lead-acid and widely used nickel-metal-hybrid batteri...

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Charge carriers in rechargeable batteries: Na ions vs. Li ions

Cited by 761 publications

References 110 publications

Review—Hard Carbon Negative Electrode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Review—Hard Carbon Negative Electrode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Sodium‐Ion Batteries: From Academic Research to Practical Commercialization

In Situ Powder Diffraction Studies of Electrode Materials in Rechargeable Batteries

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