Charge-Exchange-Driven Low-Energy Electron Splash Induced by Heavy Ion Impact on Condensed Matter

Schwestka, Janine; Niggas, Anna; Creutzburg, Sascha; Kozubek, Roland; Heller, R.; Schleberger, Marika; Wilhelm, R.; Aumayr, F.

doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01774

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…While theory has already been well-advanced in describing models for charge transfer from solids to approaching (highly charged) ions for several decades 38 , the subsequent processes leading to full neutralisation and de-excitation have not been understood in their entirety. In recent experiments with HCIs and two-dimensional (2D) materials 37,39,40 , new insights in participating de-excitation mechanisms have been found, whereupon interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] was proposed to be the dominant mechanism in HCI neutralisation and de-excitation 51 . The present study is accompanied by first-principles calculations applying the virtual photon model for ICD 41 on the neutralisation mechanisms of HCIs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Peeling graphite layer by layer reveals the charge exchange dynamics of ions inside a solid

et al. 2021

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Over seventy years ago, Niels Bohr described how the charge state of an atomic ion moving through a solid changes dynamically as a result of electron capture and loss processes, eventually resulting in an equilibrium charge state. Although obvious, this process has so far eluded direct experimental observation. By peeling a solid, such as graphite, layer by layer, and studying the transmission of highly charged ions through single-, bi- and trilayer graphene, we can now observe dynamical changes in ion charge states with monolayer precision. In addition we present a first-principles approach based on the virtual photon model for interparticle energy transfer to corroborate our findings. Our model that uses a Gaussian shaped dynamic polarisability rather than a spatial delta function is a major step in providing a self-consistent description for interparticle de-excitation processes at the limit of small separations.

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Peeling graphite layer by layer reveals the charge exchange dynamics of ions inside a solid

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“…Although surprising, this finding is consistent with earlier work on freestanding graphene. 26 Because the potential energy deposition of the HCI proceeds only above and within the first layer, 34 , 35 electronic excitations are now created predominantly in graphene. There, carrier mobilities of up to μ ≈ 10.000 cm 2 V –1 s –1 at room temperature enable prompt charge resupply and prevent Coulomb explosion.…”

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confidence: 99%

Atomic-Scale Carving of Nanopores into a van der Waals Heterostructure with Slow Highly Charged Ions

et al. 2020

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The growing family of 2D materials led not long ago to combining different 2D layers and building artificial systems in the form of van der Waals heterostructures. Tailoring of heterostructure properties postgrowth would greatly benefit from a modification technique with a monolayer precision. However, appropriate techniques for material modification with this precision are still missing. To achieve such control, slow highly charged ions appear ideal as they carry high amounts of potential energy, which is released rapidly upon ion neutralization at the position of the ion. The resulting potential energy deposition is thus limited to just a few atomic layers (in contrast to the kinetic energy deposition). Here, we irradiated a freestanding van der Waals MoS 2 /graphene heterostructure with 1.3 keV/amu xenon ions in high charge states of 38, which led to nanometer-sized pores that appear only in the MoS 2 facing the ion beam, but not in graphene beneath the hole. Reversing the stacking order leaves both layers undamaged, which we attribute to the high conductivity and carrier mobility in graphene acting as a shield for the MoS 2 underneath. Our main focus is here on monolayer MoS 2 , but we also analyzed areas with few-layer structures and observed that the perforation is limited to the two topmost MoS 2 layers, whereas deeper layers remain intact. Our results demonstrate that in addition to already being a valuable tool for materials processing, the usability of ion irradiation can be extended to mono- (or bi)layer manipulation of van der Waals heterostructures when the localized potential energy deposition of highly charged ions is also added to the toolbox.

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“… 47 , 48 Later work by the same group pointed out the occurrence of a splash of low energy electrons due to ICD and ICEC and emphasized the relevance of ICD and ICEC for ion-induced radiation damage in cells and genes. 49 We will describe these processes in more detail in Section 5.7.5 .…”

Section: General Perspective On Electronic Decay Processesmentioning

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Interatomic and Intermolecular Coulombic Decay

et al. 2020

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Interatomic or intermolecular Coulombic decay (ICD) is a nonlocal electronic decay mechanism occurring in weakly bound matter. In an ICD process, energy released by electronic relaxation of an excited atom or molecule leads to ionization of a neighboring one via Coulombic electron interactions. ICD has been predicted theoretically in the mid nineties of the last century, and its existence has been confirmed experimentally approximately ten years later. Since then, a number of fundamental and applied aspects have been studied in this quickly growing field of research. This review provides an introduction to ICD and draws the connection to related energy transfer and ionization processes. The theoretical approaches for the description of ICD as well as the experimental techniques developed and employed for its investigation are described. The existing body of literature on experimental and theoretical studies of ICD processes in different atomic and molecular systems is reviewed.

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Charge-Exchange-Driven Low-Energy Electron Splash Induced by Heavy Ion Impact on Condensed Matter

Cited by 22 publications

References 79 publications

Peeling graphite layer by layer reveals the charge exchange dynamics of ions inside a solid

Peeling graphite layer by layer reveals the charge exchange dynamics of ions inside a solid

Atomic-Scale Carving of Nanopores into a van der Waals Heterostructure with Slow Highly Charged Ions

Interatomic and Intermolecular Coulombic Decay

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