Charitable Giving: Factors Influencing Giving in U.S. States

Abstract

Charitable giving by households in the United States is significant. More than two thirds of households self-report giving. Private giving represents more than 2% of total gross domestic product (GDP) and is a significant factor in funding the nonprofit sector. This research note documents giving across U.S. states. It adds detailed data and analysis supporting and supplementing research that identifies personal income, capital gains, religious group affiliation, age, volunteerism, and educational attainment as the main factors affecting household giving.

Philanthropic Behaviour of Quebecers

“…As expected with "normal" goods, household income has a positive impact on cash donations. This result corroborates much of the literature (e.g., Auten, Sieg, & Clotfelter, 2002;Gittell & Tebaldi, 2006;Hood, Martin, & Osberg, 1977;Hossain & Lamb, 2015). A one percent increase in household income results in a 0.64 percent increase in donations in general (see Table 6).…”

“…The impact of education conforms to expectations (e.g., Brown & Lankford, 1992;Gittell & Tebaldi, 2006;Hossain & Lamb, 2015;Rajan, Pink, & Dow, 2008). Total giving increases with educational level (the estimated coefficient on the dummy variable denoting a university degree [BA] is always higher than that indicating a postsecondary diploma, and both are positive relative to the high school-educated reference group).…”

A Model of Donor Behaviour in the Czech Republic

“…Brown a Lankford, 1992;Banks a Tanner, 1999;Tiehen, 2001;Gittell a Tebaldi, 2006;Bekkers a Schuyt, 2008;Showers et al, 2011] dokazují existenci vztahu mezi vzděláním a dárcovstvím. Jednotlivci, kteří získali akademický titul, větši-nou dosahují na trhu práce vyšších příjmů, a díky tomu mohou více přispívat na charitativní účely, mohou být více sociálně uvědomělí, či se mohou cítit povinni přispívat.…”

“…• Náboženská orientace Důležitým faktorem ovlivňujícím dárcovství je náboženská orientace [viz Sargeant, 1999;Eckel a Grossman, 2004;Berger, 2006;Gittell a Tebaldi, 2006;Brown a Ferris, 2007;Bekkers a Schuyt, 2008;Showers et al, 2011;Marx a Carter, 2014]. Mnoho náboženství považuje dárcovství a přispívání na charitu za morální povinnost jednotlivce.…”

The Impact of Political Cleavages, Religiosity, and Values on Attitudes towards Nonprofit Organizations

“…The common socio-demographic factors that have been found to have an impact are gender, ethnicity, age, income, and educational background (Schlegelmilch et al 1997;Wilson 2012;Sargeant 1999;Einolf 2011;Gittell and Tebaldi 2006;Wiepking and Bekkers 2012). Social contexts are social factors that have an impact on attitudes towards NPOs, such as the feeling of belonging to a community (Reed and Selbee 2001;Wilson 2012), prior engagement in and social ties to NPO activities (Sokolowski 1996) or, more generally, greater levels of social capital (Brown and Ferris 2007;Wang and Graddy 2008), as well as social incentives such as social conformity and social exchange (Bekkers 2010;Green and Webb 1997).…”