ChatGPT Needs SPADE (Sustainability, PrivAcy, Digital divide, and Ethics) Evaluation: A Review

Abstract

ChatGPT is another large language model (LLM) vastly available for the consumers on their devices but due to its performance and ability to converse effectively, it has gained a huge popularity amongst research as well as industrial community. Recently, many studies have been published to show the effectiveness, efficiency, integration, and sentiments of chatGPT and other LLMs. In contrast, this study focuses on the important aspects that are mostly overlooked, i.e. sustainability, privacy, digital divide, and ethics and suggests that not only chatGPT but every subsequent entry in the category of conversational bots should undergo Sustainability, PrivAcy, Digital divide, and Ethics (SPADE) evaluation. This paper discusses in detail the issues and concerns raised over chatGPT in line with aforementioned characteristics. We also discuss the recent EU AI Act briefly in accordance with the SPADE evaluation. We support our hypothesis by some preliminary data collection and visualizations along with hypothesized facts. We also suggest mitigations and recommendations for each of the concerns. Furthermore, we also suggest some policies and recommendations for EU AI policy act concerning ethics, digital divide, and sustainability.

Pre-Service Teachers’ Assessment of ChatGPT’s Utility in Higher Education: SWOT and Content Analysis

“…Lastly, it is vital to address technological inequities to ensure that the deployment of AI tools like ChatGPT does not widen the digital divide. This includes providing necessary technological resources to all students to ensure that everyone can benefit equitably from AI integration [35][36][37][38].…”

Creative Learning for Sustainability in a World of AI: Action, Mindset, Values

“…However, digital technologies often have a detrimental environmental impact in terms of their energy consumption, and their development are driven by consumeristic market forces, which has led to some reasonable concerns about their place in sustainability education [17], despite their critical role in the world around us. Sustainability education also deals with more than environmental impact, and similar issues of tension with digital tools like AI can be seen in other sustainability concerns, like issues related to data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the digital divide [18]. In the scope of this article, we do not delve into the myriad of varied issues or sustainability concerns affected by AI.…”

“…For instance, the use of AI technologies raises concerns regarding data privacy, as educational AI systems often process sensitive personal information [53]. Furthermore, the risk of algorithmic bias cannot be overlooked, as AI systems trained on historically biased data can perpetuate or even exacerbate these biases, affecting minority groups disproportionately and contributing to the digital divide [18]. Furthermore, while AI can potentially enhance the learning experience by providing dynamic content and offering cognitive affordances (pattern recognition, data analysis, unique content generation, and more), its outputs should be considered prompts for further inquiry rather than definitive answers.…”

Research and Application of the Median Filtering Method in Enhancing the Imperceptibility of Perturbations in Adversarial Examples

“…Since the emergence of deep learning, it has undergone rapid development and demonstrated significant potential for application in various fields, including large language models for natural language processing [1][2][3] and computer vision. In particular, remarkable achievements have been made in tasks such as image classification [4], object detection [5], and semantic segmentation [6].…”