Check the Stack: An Enabling Framework for Resilient Microgrids

Abstract

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Resilience through electric microgrid policy : drivers, democracy, and learning

“…Policy learning refers to revising policies, strategies, and implementation based on observed or lived experiences, social interaction, or analysis (Checkel 2001;Dunlop and Radaelli 2013;Hall 1993;Heclo 1974;Meseguer 2006). Similarly, there is a gap in the literature and lack of data regarding whether policy diffusion has played a role in the recent uptick in incentive programs and projects deployed, which this study addresses in part (Cook et al 2018).…”

“…Some prior analyses have included total GSP as an independent variable measuring state economic activity and affluence, but utilizing GSP per capita standardizes for potentially large discrepancies between states of different sizes that may not represent relative affluence disparities (Carley and Miller 2012;Chandler 2009;Matisoff 2008). All else held equal, states with more financial resources may possess greater public resources for electric microgrid development and thus be more likely to adopt policies that promote their development than states with less financial means (Carley and Miller 2012 Policy stacking has also been applied to microgrid policy (Cook et al 2018 it was already a website specializing in microgrids and energy. Information on these webpages that described state policies and projects that fit the three policy categories, as well as pilot projects that were approved, funded, and built were all counted in the dataset as long as they were public (including state universities) rather than private and were civilian and not military.…”

“…However, there is little analysis on the policies that have encouraged this growth in microgrids, whether policy learning has influenced policies implemented, and if policy learning has affected policy formulation how it changed these policies (Cook et al 2018;GTM Research 2018a;2018b). Policy learning refers to revising policies, strategies, and implementation based on observed or lived experiences, social interaction, or analysis (Checkel 2001;Dunlop and Radaelli 2013;Hall 1993;Heclo 1974;Meseguer 2006).…”

“…Given the vulnerabilities of the current electric grid to extreme weather events and outages, cities need to implement solutions like microgrids to enhance the resilience of their critical infrastructure and communities (Campbell 2012;EOP 2013;Panteli and Mancarella 2015). However, electric microgrids are sufficiently expensive systems, relative to conventional grid-tied generation, that states have enacted policies to help cities plan and pay for their deployment (Cook et al 2018;Kema Inc. 2014).…”

“…EIA 2018). The geographic diffusion variable was created with the policy environment data from NREL and a social accounting matrix that records which states share borders(Carley and Miller 2012;Cook et al 2018;U.S. Census Bureau 2010).…”