Checksum-Filtered List Decoding Applied to H.264 and H.265 Video Error Correction

Abstract

The latest video coding standards, H.264 and H.265, are highly vulnerable in error-prone networks. Reconstructed packets may exhibit significant degradation in terms of PSNR and visual quality. This paper presents a novel list decoding approach exploiting the receiver side user datagram protocol (UDP) checksum. The proposed method identifies the possible locations of errors by analyzing the pattern of the calculated UDP checksum. This permits to considerably reduce the number of candidate bitstreams in comparison to conventional list decoding approaches. When a packet composed of N bits contains a single-bit error, instead of considering N candidate bitstreams, as is the case in conventional list decoding approaches, the proposed approach considers N/32 candidate bitstreams, leading to a reduction of 97% of the number of candidates. For a two-bit error, the reduction increases to 99.6%. The method's performance is evaluated using H.264 and H.265 test model software. Our simulation results reveal that, on average, the error was corrected perfectly 80 to 90% of the time (the original bitstream was recovered). In addition, the proposed approach provides, on average, a 2.79 dB gain over frame copy (FC) error concealment using the Joint Model (JM) and a 3.57 dB gain over our implementation of FC error concealment in the HEVC Test Model (HM).

Low complexity H.264 list decoder for enhanced quality real-time video over IP

“…The experimental results for H.264 reveal the superiority of the proposed approach as compared to other state-of-the-art methods [9], [21]. Finally, a detailed study of multiple bits in error with new experimental results for both H.264 and HEVC is the object of a submitted publication [22].…”

CRC-Based Correction of Multiple Errors Using an Optimized Lookup Table

“…Several works have explored the error correction possibilities of error detection codes, such as CRC [8]- [16] or checksums [20]. They can be categorized as table-based and table-free approaches.…”

Table-Free Multiple Bit-Error Correction Using the CRC Syndrome

“…In order to further increase the proposed method's error correction performance, it can be jointly used with other methods providing a list of potential error patterns as their output. For example, the work on UDP checksum proposed in [9], [26], [27] can be combined with our algorithm. Crosschecking both candidate lists would generate a matching list with a reduced number of entries.…”