Chelated chromium for stressed feeder calves

Mowat, D. N.; Chang, X.; Yang, Wanhong

doi:10.4141/cjas93-004

Cited by 93 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The effects of supplemental Cr on peripheral neutrophil phagocytic activity and other parameters related to innate immunity are yet to be confirmed, although the in vitro stimulation of blastogenic responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes due to Cr is encouraging (Borgs and Mallard, 1998). Supplemental Cr reduced circulatory cortisol, corroborating earlier findings (Chang and Mowat, 1992;Moonsie-Shageer and Mowat, 1993;Mowat et al, 1993;Haldar et al, 2006 and, and this might have had an impact on the enhanced immune response, albeit transient, in the 1Cr group of goats as reported earlier with other livestock species (Borgs and Mallard, 1998). Chromium supplementation resulted in a sustainable elevation in circulatory insulin in the 1Cr group of goats despite a blunted response to the insulinotropic effect of glucose during the IVGTT.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Effects of dietary chromium supplementation on glucose tolerance and primary antibody response against peste des petits ruminants in dwarf Bengal goats (Capra hircus)

Haldar

Mondal

Samanta

et al. 2009

Animal

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An experiment was conducted to exploit the immune-modulation effect of trivalent chromium (Cr) for augmenting immunity against peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in dwarf black Bengal goats (Capra hircus). The goats (n 5 6 per treatment group) either received a basal diet devoid of supplemental Cr (control) or were supplemented with 0.5 mg Cr as chromic chloride (1Cr) for 60 days. Live weight gain and feed conversion efficiency improved (P , 0.05) in the 1Cr dietary group. Supplemental Cr did not affect the total number of monocytes, eosinophils and basophils (P . 0.1) although total leukocytes increased (P , 0.05) and the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes narrowed down (P , 0.05) in the 1Cr dietary group. The effect of Cr supplementation on variables of the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was inconclusive. Compared to the control group, the basal concentration of glucose (P , 0.05) and insulin (P , 0.001) was higher, clearance rate was slower (P , 0.05) and serum half-life was greater (P , 0.05) in the 1Cr dietary group during the IVGTT. Over the duration of the experiment, serum concentration of insulin increased (P , 0.001) and that of cortisol decreased (P , 0.01) in the 1Cr group, which also showed a relatively higher primary antibody (Ab) response against PPR on days 10 (P , 0.01) and 20 (P , 0.05) post-vaccination. In conclusion, the experiment indicated that supplementation of Cr as CrCl 3 , in the diet of non-stressed goats, may improve primary Ab response against PPR and help confer an augmented immunity to the disease besides promoting growth and feed conversion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Effects of dietary chromium supplementation on glucose tolerance and primary antibody response against peste des petits ruminants in dwarf Bengal goats (Capra hircus)

Haldar

Mondal

Samanta

et al. 2009

Animal

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“…Perhaps it would be inappropriate to correlate the concentration of the N metabolites in serum with the status of protein metabolism in the experimental goats since the former may lack adequate sensitivity required to predict subtle changes in protein metabolism that may arise as a result of Cr supplementation. The role of supplemental Cr in reducing circulatory cortisol level in ruminants is well established (Chang and Mowat, 1992;Moonsie-Shageer and Mowat, 1993;Mowat et al, 1993;Haldar et al, 2006). Most of the findings depicting a reduction in the circulatory cortisol level due to Cr supplementation involved one or more stress factors like transportation or vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose tolerance and serum concentrations of hormones and metabolites in goats (Capra hircus) fed diets supplemented with inorganic and organic chromium salts

Haldar

Samanta

Banarjee

et al. 2007

Animal

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Adult goats (no. ¼ 18) were supplemented with chromium (Cr, 0.5 mg/kg concentrate) for 120 days as Cr chloride and Cr yeast complex and their responses in terms of glucose tolerance and serum profiles of metabolites and hormones were measured. The goats were fed 200 g/day of the concentrate and reared under a semi-intensive regimen. Cr supplementation significantly reduced serum glucose ( P ¼ 0.049) and cholesterol ( P ¼ 0.0001) levels compared with the same in the control group (calculated as % change between days 0 and 120). Serum cortisol on day 120 was lower in goats fed Cr chloride than in the control group ( P , 0.05). Overall, the mean cortisol level was lower ( P ¼ 0.001) in the goats receiving added dietary Cr. An intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed on the goats on day 75. The clearance rate (k) of glucose between 5 and 60 min of glucose infusion was significantly higher ( P ¼ 0.004) in the goats supplemented with Cr yeast compared with those on the control or the Cr chloride supplemented diets. The kinetic parameters as well as the k and T 1/2 responses for serum insulin during the IVGTT were not affected. The ratio between the insulin k to glucose k increased ( P ¼ 0.011) in the goats fed added dietary Cr as Cr chloride compared with the control and the Cr yeast groups. Post-prandial serum levels of glucose (diet effect P ¼ 0.038) and cholesterol (diet effect P ¼ 0.033) was lower in both the Cr supplemented groups than the control. Serum glucose during an epinephrine challenge test tended to remain elevated ( P ¼ 0.076) 2 h after epinephrine infusion in the Cr yeast group indicating a delayed return of serum glucose to the basal level. However, serum insulin and cortisol remained unaffected. Several changes in selected blood metabolites and hormone measurements were observed when Cr was added as a dietary supplement in the diet of the goats. Contrary to the generally accepted view, supplemental Cr may influence the metabolism of ruminants even in a nonstressed management regime.

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“…A number of authors confirm decreased sensitivity to stress in Cr supplemented animals through a reduced concentration of cortisol in blood (Chang and Mowat, 1992;Moonsie-Shageer and Mowat, 8 1993;Mowat et al, 1993;Pechova et al, 2002c). Nevertheless, serum cortisol concentrations in dairy cows after parturition showed an inconsistent increase in Cr supplemented animals (Burton et al, 1995;Yang et al, 1996;Pechova 2002a), which suggests that the association between Cr and cortisol may be less straightforward than originally assumed.…”

Section: Cortisolmentioning

confidence: 97%

Chromium as an essential nutrient: a review

Pechová¹,

Pavlata²

2007

Vet. Med.

359

244

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Chromium (Cr) has been studied since the end of the 19 th century, when carcinogenic effects of hexavalent Cr were discovered. Essentiality of trivalent Cr was demonstrated in 1959; Cr 3+ has been studied in humans and laboratory animals since the 1970s and it is only since the 1990s that Cr has been studied as an essential element in livestock animals with the same intensity. Trivalent chromium is essential to normal carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. Chromium is biologically active as part of an oligopeptide -chromodulin -potentiating the effect of insulin by facilitating insulin binding to receptors at the cell surface. With chromium acting as a cofactor of insulin, Cr activity in the organism is parallel to insulin functions. Cr absorption is low, ranging between 0.4 and 2.0% for inorganic compounds while the availability of organic Cr is more than 10 times higher. Absorbed Cr circulates in blood bound to the β-globulin plasma fraction and is transported to tissues bound to transferrin. Absorbed Cr is excreted primarily in urine, by glomerular filtration; a small amount is excreted through perspiration, bile and in milk. The demand for Cr has been growing as a result of factors commonly referred to as stressors, especially during different forms of nutritional, metabolic and physical strain. This review describes Cr metabolism, the different biological functions of Cr and symptoms of Cr deficiency.

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Chelated chromium for stressed feeder calves

Cited by 93 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of dietary chromium supplementation on glucose tolerance and primary antibody response against peste des petits ruminants in dwarf Bengal goats (Capra hircus)

Effects of dietary chromium supplementation on glucose tolerance and primary antibody response against peste des petits ruminants in dwarf Bengal goats (Capra hircus)

Glucose tolerance and serum concentrations of hormones and metabolites in goats (Capra hircus) fed diets supplemented with inorganic and organic chromium salts

Chromium as an essential nutrient: a review

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