Chelonid herpesvirus 5 in secretions and tumor tissues from green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from Southeastern Brazil: A ten-year study

Monezi, Telma Alves; Mehnert, Dolores Ursula; Moura, Elisabeth Mendes Martins de; N, Müller; Garrafa, P.; Matushima, Eliana Reiko; Werneck, Max Rondon; Borella, Maria Inês

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.02.020

Cited by 31 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Similar to previous studies, the majority of genomic variation was observed between geographic locations, with a total of 1,001 fixed differences detected between FL and HI variants. As suggested by previous molecular studies ( Quackenbush et al, 1998 ; Quackenbush et al, 2001 , Greenblatt et al, 2005a ; Greenblatt et al, 2005b ; Duarte et al, 2012 ; Patrício et al, 2012 ; Rodenbusch et al, 2012 ; Monezi et al, 2016 ), the divergent strains match predominantly regional movement patterns of sea turtle hosts, indicating that FP is geographically specific ( Herbst et al, 2004 ; Ene et al, 2005 ; Patrício et al, 2012 ; Jones et al, 2016 ; Ariel et al, 2017 ). Variability in rates of sequence divergence among ChHV5 genes was consistent with results noted for other alphaherpesviruses such as HHV-1, where the most divergent proteins were approximately 2.8% divergent ( Szpara et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Genomic evolution, recombination, and inter-strain diversity of chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 from Florida and Hawaii green sea turtles with fibropapillomatosis

Morrison

Iwanowicz

Work

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) is a herpesvirus associated with fibropapillomatosis (FP) in sea turtles worldwide. Single-locus typing has previously shown differentiation between Atlantic and Pacific strains of this virus, with low variation within each geographic clade. However, a lack of multi-locus genomic sequence data hinders understanding of the rate and mechanisms of ChHV5 evolutionary divergence, as well as how these genomic changes may contribute to differences in disease manifestation. To assess genomic variation in ChHV5 among five Hawaii and three Florida green sea turtles, we used high-throughput short-read sequencing of long-range PCR products amplified from tumor tissue using primers designed from the single available ChHV5 reference genome from a Hawaii green sea turtle. This strategy recovered sequence data from both geographic regions for approximately 75% of the predicted ChHV5 coding sequences. The average nucleotide divergence between geographic populations was 1.5%; most of the substitutions were fixed differences between regions. Protein divergence was generally low (average 0.08%), and ranged between 0 and 5.3%. Several atypical genes originally identified and annotated in the reference genome were confirmed in ChHV5 genomes from both geographic locations. Unambiguous recombination events between geographic regions were identified, and clustering of private alleles suggests the prevalence of recombination in the evolutionary history of ChHV5. This study significantly increased the amount of sequence data available from ChHV5 strains, enabling informed selection of loci for future population genetic and natural history studies, and suggesting the (possibly latent) co-infection of individuals by well-differentiated geographic variants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Genomic evolution, recombination, and inter-strain diversity of chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 from Florida and Hawaii green sea turtles with fibropapillomatosis

Morrison

Iwanowicz

Work

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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“…Primers were designed to target the full-length sequence of three genes within the ChHV5 genome; 1) glycoprotein B (gB), 2) sialyltransferase (F-sial) and 3) DNA polymerase (DNApol). The DNApol gene has been used extensively to determine the presence or absence of ChHV5 [12,13,15,17,20,21,23,24,26,29,44] due to the highly conserved nature of the gene [45,46]. Conversely, the gB gene codes for glycoproteins which are located on the surface of the virion and therefore in contact with the host immune system, likely increasing selection pressure.…”

Section: Dna Extraction Primer Design and Polymerase Chain Reaction mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular evidence for horizontal transmission of chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 at green turtle (Chelonia mydas) foraging grounds in Queensland, Australia

et al. 2020

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Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a marine turtle disease recognised by benign tumours on the skin, eyes, shell, oral cavity and/or viscera. Despite being a globally distributed disease that affects an endangered species, research on FP and its likely causative agent chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) in Australia is limited. Here we present improved molecular assays developed for detection of ChHV5, in combination with a robust molecular and phylogenetic analysis of ChHV5 variants. This approach utilised a multi-gene assay to detect ChHV5 in all FP tumors sampled from 62 marine turtles found at six foraging grounds along the Great Barrier Reef. Six distinct variants of ChHV5 were identified and the distribution of these variants was associated with host foraging ground. Conversely, no association between host genetic origin and ChHV5 viral variant was found. Together this evidence supports the hypothesis that marine turtles undergo horizontal transmission of ChHV5 at foraging grounds and are unlikely to be contracting the disease at rookeries, either during mating or vertically from parent to offspring.

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“…Recently, ChHV5 DNA was also detected in saliva and ocular secretion of FP-affected C. mydas in southeastern Brazil, and added to skin contact, it represents another possible pathway for virus shedding (MONEZI et al, 2016). Fibropapillomatosis is associated with the life cycle of C. mydas, because tumors are observed in postrecruitment juveniles and adults in neritic areas but is absent in oceanic areas (ENE et al, 2005;JONES et al, 2016).…”

Section: Mortality and Morbidity Of Chelonia Mydas Associated With Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

The green turtle Chelonia mydas as a marine and coastal environmental sentinels: anthropogenic activities and diseases

Domiciano

Domit

Bracarense

2017

SCA

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The green turtle Chelonia mydas as a marine and coastal environmental sentinels: anthropogenic activities and diseases Tartaruga-verde, Chelonia mydas, como sentinela do ambiente marinho e costeiro: atividades antrópicas e enfermidades AbstractThe green turtle Chelonia mydas is a widely distributed, slowly maturing species with a complex life cycle, using both oceanic and coastal environments. The species is exposed to different threats and is considered an environmental sentinel that indicates variation among, and the severity of hazards to marine ecosystems. This study aimed to describe both anthropogenic impacts, and infectious and parasitic diseases in C. mydas -including cases along the Brazilian coast -and implications for conservation. Bycatch is reported as the main threat to the conservation of this species, followed by debris ingestion, collisions with boats, dredging, and chronic environmental contamination. All of these impacts may directly or indirectly cause death, by facilitating contact with pathological agents and by increasing vulnerability to secondary diseases. The pathological agents associated with lesions include viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and helminths. Fibropapillomatosis is an example of a chronic disease characterized by cutaneous and visceral tumors that affects mostly juvenile C. mydas worldwide and is associated with the Chelonid herpesvirus 5. The bacterias Vibrio alginolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Pseudomonas fluorescens are found in the aquatic environment and among C. mydas lesions in various organs. Trematode adults and eggs of the family Spirorchiidae are also frequent in systemic cardiovascular diseases of C. mydas. The direct impacts of anthropogenic activities and diseases are synergistic and may affect the specie's health and conservation. Therefore, the monitoring and systematic diagnosing of diseases and causes of death -including necropsy, histopathology, and molecular exams -are necessary to assess a population's health, to support appropriate decisions of coastal management and to target future research topics that optimize C. mydas conservation. Key words: Bycatch. Conservation. Debris ingestion. Morbidity. Pathogenic agents. Sea turtle. ResumoA tartaruga-verde, Chelonia mydas, possui ampla distribuição geográfica, reprodução tardia e complexo ciclo de vida, habitando áreas costeiras e oceânicas. Devido a essas características, a espécie está exposta a diferentes tipos de ameaças e pode sinalizar sobre variações e a gravidade desses impactos ao longo do tempo no ecossistema, sendo considerada sentinela ambiental. Este trabalho teve por objetivo discorrer sobre relatos de atividades antrópicas impactantes e doenças infecciosas e parasitárias em C. mydas, com ênfase nas ocorrências no litoral brasileiro. A captura acidental em petrechos de pesca é uma das principais ameaças à conservação desses animais, assim como a ingestão de resíduos sólidos, colisão com embarcações, dragagens e bioacumulação de contaminantes químicos, os quais podem atuar diretament...

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Chelonid herpesvirus 5 in secretions and tumor tissues from green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from Southeastern Brazil: A ten-year study

Cited by 31 publications

References 28 publications

Genomic evolution, recombination, and inter-strain diversity of chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 from Florida and Hawaii green sea turtles with fibropapillomatosis

Genomic evolution, recombination, and inter-strain diversity of chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 from Florida and Hawaii green sea turtles with fibropapillomatosis

Molecular evidence for horizontal transmission of chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 at green turtle (Chelonia mydas) foraging grounds in Queensland, Australia

The green turtle Chelonia mydas as a marine and coastal environmental sentinels: anthropogenic activities and diseases

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