Chemical analysis and genotoxicological safety assessment of paper and paperboard used for food packaging

Ozaki, Asako; Yamaguchi, Yukihiko; Fujita, Tadao; Kuroda, Koichi; Endo, Ginji

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2004.03.010

Cited by 131 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…19 Given that most people come into contact with thermal receipt papers and paper products on a daily basis, exposure of humans to BPS through dermal contact is inevitable. 20 Studies have shown that many bisphenol analogues, such as BPS, bisphenol F (BPF; 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylmethane), bisphenol AF [BPAF; 4,4′ -(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenol], and bisphenol B [BPB; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane] possess genotoxicity and estrogenic activity similar to that of BPA. 9,22−28 A recent study showed that BPB and BPAF can activate the human pregnane X receptor (PXR), a nuclear receptor that functions as a regulator of xenobiotic metabolism.…”

Section: −16mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bisphenol S, a New Bisphenol Analogue, in Paper Products and Currency Bills and Its Association with Bisphenol A Residues

Liao

Liu

Kannan

2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

511

283

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As the evidence of the toxic effects of bisphenol A (BPA) grows, its application in commercial products is gradually being replaced with other related compounds, such as bisphenol S (BPS). Nevertheless, very little is known about the occurrence of BPS in the environment. In this study, BPS was analyzed in 16 types of paper and paper products (n = 268), including thermal receipts, paper currencies, flyers, magazines, newspapers, food contact papers, airplane luggage tags, printing paper, kitchen rolls (i.e., paper towels), and toilet paper. All thermal receipt paper samples (n = 111) contained BPS at concentrations ranging from 0.0000138 to 22.0 mg/g (geometric mean: 0.181 mg/g). The overall mean concentrations of BPS in thermal receipt papers were similar to the concentrations reported earlier for BPA in the same set of samples. A significant negative correlation existed between BPS and BPA concentrations in thermal receipt paper samples (r = −0.55, p < 0.0001). BPS was detected in 87% of currency bill samples (n = 52) from 21 countries, at concentrations ranging from below the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 6.26 μg/g (geometric mean: 0.029 μg/g). BPS also was found in 14 other paper product types (n = 105), at concentrations ranging from 88%). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence of BPS in paper products and currency bills.

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Section: −16mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bisphenol S, a New Bisphenol Analogue, in Paper Products and Currency Bills and Its Association with Bisphenol A Residues

Liao

Liu

Kannan

2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

511

283

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“…The recycled paper and paperboard products are made from used papers such as newspapers, magazines and milk cartons, pulped with water and also cleaned and deinked with surfactants (Ozaki et al 2004). Food grade paper with different pulp percentages of the recycled matter is commonly used in direct contact with foods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adding cellulosic packaging to traditionally composted products may improve the compost structure while no negative or inhibitory effects on the plant germination and growth have been observed (Ottenio et al 2004). Paper recycling represents another advantage, as cellulosic fibres can be used several times in the paper production.The recycled paper and paperboard products are made from used papers such as newspapers, magazines and milk cartons, pulped with water and also cleaned and deinked with surfactants (Ozaki et al 2004). Food grade paper with different pulp percentages of the recycled matter is commonly used in direct contact with foods.…”

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confidence: 99%

Microbial contamination of paper-based food contact materials with different contents of recycled fiber

Hladíková¹,

Kejlová²,

Sosnovcová³

et al. 2015

Czech J. Food Sci.

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Hladíková Z., Kejlová K., Sosnovcová J., Jírová D., Vavrouš A., Janoušek A., Syčová M., Špelina V. (2015): Microbial contamination of paper-based food contact materials with different contents of recycled fiber. Czech J. Food Sci., 33: 308-312.Recycled paper is commonly used in food packaging industry, especially for disposable products. The material coming into direct contact with food products must not represent a source of contamination for food in accordance with the Framework Regulation (EC) No. 1935 containing the general requirements on all food contact materials. In the present study, the microbial purity of 31 paper-based materials with different contents of recycled matter (0-100%) was evaluated using a standard method based on the disintegration of paper. The results of the present study indicate the existing relation between the use of recycled fibers and the content of microorganisms. The increased amount of recycled fibers significantly increased the amount of bacteria in the paper samples. The highest content of microorganisms was observed in the case of paper with the highest recycled fiber content. Total counts of bacteria ranged from 5.0 × 10 1 to 1.2 × 10 5 CFU/g. Moulds were detected only in three paper samples. As the microorganisms present in food packaging may penetrate into foodstuffs (particularly those with high contents of water or fat) and have an adverse effect on end-consumers' health, microbial criteria for food packaging should be included into the EU legislation.Keywords: bacteria; disposable materials; health safety; microbial purity; recycled paper Disposable paper-based materials such as boxes, bags, plates, cups, sacks, containers, and napkins have been used in food packaging for many years. The greatest benefit of these materials in comparison to plastic materials is their comparatively minimal impact on our environment and biodegradability. Cellulose and hemicellulose contained in papers and boards are fast biodegradable products, while lignin is biodegraded more slowly by microorganisms because of its structure. Adding cellulosic packaging to traditionally composted products may improve the compost structure while no negative or inhibitory effects on the plant germination and growth have been observed (Ottenio et al. 2004). Paper recycling represents another advantage, as cellulosic fibres can be used several times in the paper production.The recycled paper and paperboard products are made from used papers such as newspapers, magazines and milk cartons, pulped with water and also cleaned and deinked with surfactants (Ozaki et al. 2004). Food grade paper with different pulp percentages of the recycled matter is commonly used in direct contact with foods. Food contact materials, including recycled fiber-based paper, have to be in compliance with general safety principles set up in Article 3 of the Framework Regulation. This Article requires that food contact materials must not transfer their components into food in quantities 309Czech J. Food Sci., 33, 2015 (4): 30...

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“…Bisphenol-A (BPA) is one of the widespread industrial compounds, which is commonly used in the production of food and drink packaging, plastic consumer products, and dental materials (Biedermann et al, 2010;Ozaki et al, 2004), consequently, the exposure of human beings to BPA is widespread and continuous (Borrell, 2010 Figure 3, the expression levels of FSHR mRNA in the rat ovaries from Control group were significantly lower than those of BPA group and BPA+CGE group (P<0.05). Moreover, the FSHR mRNA expression levels in the ovaries of rats in BPA+CGE group were significantly lower than BPA group (P<0.05).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The extracts of pacific oyster (<i>Crassostrea gigas</i>) alleviate Ovarian Functional Disorders of female ratswith exposure to bisphenolathrough decreasing FSHR expression in ovarian tissues

Zhou¹,

Qu²,

Jin³

et al. 2014

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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Chemical analysis and genotoxicological safety assessment of paper and paperboard used for food packaging

Cited by 131 publications

References 39 publications

Bisphenol S, a New Bisphenol Analogue, in Paper Products and Currency Bills and Its Association with Bisphenol A Residues

Bisphenol S, a New Bisphenol Analogue, in Paper Products and Currency Bills and Its Association with Bisphenol A Residues

Microbial contamination of paper-based food contact materials with different contents of recycled fiber

The extracts of pacific oyster (<i>Crassostrea gigas</i>) alleviate Ovarian Functional Disorders of female ratswith exposure to bisphenolathrough decreasing FSHR expression in ovarian tissues

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