Chemical analysis of Punica granatum fruit peel and its in vitro and in vivo biological properties

Abstract

BackgroundThe medical application of pomegranate fruits and its peel is attracted human beings. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro α-Glucosidase inhibition, antimicrobial, antioxidant property and in vivo anti-hyperglycemic activity of Punica granatum (pomegranate) fruit peel extract using Caenorhabditis elegans.MethodsVarious invitro antioxidant activity of fruit peel extracts was determined by standard protocol. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were determined using disc diffusion and microdilution method respectively. Anti-hyperglycemic activity of fruit peel was observed using fluorescence microscope for in vivo study.ResultsThe ethyl acetate extract of P. granatum fruit peel (PGPEa) showed α-Glucosidase inhibition upto 50 % at the concentration of IC50 285.21 ± 1.9 μg/ml compared to hexane and methanol extracts. The total phenolic content was highest (218.152 ± 1.73 mg of catechol equivalents/g) in ethyl acetate extract. PGPEa showed more scavenging activity on 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with IC50 value 302.43 ± 1.9 μg/ml and total antioxidant activity with IC50 294.35 ± 1.68 μg/ml. PGPEa also showed a significant effecton lipid peroxidation IC50 208.62 ± 1.68 μg/ml, as well as high reducing power. Among the solvents extracts tested, ethyl acetate extract of fruit peel showed broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Ethyl acetate extract supplemented C.elegans worms showed inhibition of lipid accumulation similar to acarbose indicating good hypoglycemic activity. The normal worms compared to test (ethyl acetate extract supplemented) showed the highest hypoglycaemic activity by increasing the lifespan of the worms. GC-MS analysis of PGPEa showed maximum amount of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and 4-fluorobenzyl alcohol (48.59 %).ConclusionIn the present investigation we observed various biological properties of pomegranate fruit peel. The results clearly indicated that pomegranate peel extract could be used in preventing the incidence of long term complication of diabetics.

Development of aqueous-based multi-herbal combination using principal component analysis and its functional significance in HepG2 cells

“…Thus, indicating superior capability of this plant in other in vitro assays as well. The high reducing ability of P. granatum is analogous with the previous antioxidant studies on its fruit peel [25, 26]. In addition to antioxidant ability, the eco-friendly biological waste and nutraceutic resource i.e.…”

Data Mining a Medieval Medical Text Reveals Patterns in Ingredient Choice That Reflect Biological Activity against Infectious Agents

“…Interestingly, different fractions of aqueous or alcohol extracts of pomegranate peel have different spectra of antibacterial activity, as measured in disk diffusion assays, and different authors present conflicting data on the inhibitory effects of aqueous extract fractions (65)(66)(67)(68)(69)(70). We note, however, that antibacterial effects have been observed, even when using dried rather than fresh peel, and that pomegranate peel extracts have also been reported to exhibit antiviral (71) and antifungal (66,67,70) effects. We were unable to find any relevant data on the in vivo effects of these four ingredients with regard to treating soft tissue wounds or infections, except for one small study which compared the healing of excisional wounds in mice treated topically with either gentamicin ointment or pomegranate extract: in this study, all mice treated with pomegranate extract showed complete wound healing (72).…”

“…The bactericidal effects of bile are long established: bile salts disrupt bacterial membranes, and this quality contributes to host-mediated control of bacterial overgrowth in the gut (63,64). Interestingly, different fractions of aqueous or alcohol extracts of pomegranate peel have different spectra of antibacterial activity, as measured in disk diffusion assays, and different authors present conflicting data on the inhibitory effects of aqueous extract fractions (65)(66)(67)(68)(69)(70). We note, however, that antibacterial effects have been observed, even when using dried rather than fresh peel, and that pomegranate peel extracts have also been reported to exhibit antiviral (71) and antifungal (66,67,70) effects.…”

Proteomic and metabolomic study of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense) fruit during ripening process

“…Extraction of metabolites of the fruit samples is carried out according to Ref. with some modifications. Dried powder of fruit sample was soaked in methanol in the ratio of 1:10 (0.5 g of sample in 5 mL of 100% methanol) for 30 min at room temperature at 150 rpm.…”