Chemical and Biological Compositions Associated with Ambient Respirable Particulate Matter: a Review

Ramli, Norshafira; Yusof, Noor Faizah Fitri Md; Shith, Syabiha; Suroto, Azrin

doi:10.1007/s11270-020-04490-5

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…In the present case the concern is the survival of disease-causing microorganisms in the ambient air environment and, more precisely, their transport by means of airborne particulate matter (airborne transmission). In this context, it is important to highlight that while the chemical composition of PM (Bilo et al, 2017) and its impacts on human health have been widely investigated (Ramli et al, 2020), the potential effect of airborne virus exposure (due to PM) remains unclear. In particular, although the characterizations of bioaerosol have reported the presence of viruses in air, the highly diluted nature of viral bioaerosols has been a major impediment to viral aerobiological research, as for example the study of viral interactions with PM particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First data analysis about possible COVID-19 virus airborne diffusion due to air particulate matter (PM): The case of Lombardy (Italy)

Bontempi

2020

Environmental Research

190

180

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The severe cases of COVID-19 infections in Italy, and notably in Lombardy (mainly in Brescia and Bergamo areas), registered at the beginning of March 2020, occurred after a period of PM 10 pollution, that exceeded the concentration of 50 μg/m 3 (the attention limit) for several days. The two events were supposed to be correlated, also based on the limited information available about the new virus. Despite that clear indications about the role of particulate matter (PM) in the virus mechanism dispersion cannot be found in literature, some researchers supposed that PM can act as virus carrier, promoting its diffusion through the air. This paper, for the first time, analyses the PM 10 situation in Lombardy (from 10th February to March 27, 2020), several days before the sanitary emergency explosion. The data of the detected infection cases are reported and discussed parallelly. As a comparison, the situation of Piedmont, located near to the Lombardy is also presented. Data are reported for Brescia,

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First data analysis about possible COVID-19 virus airborne diffusion due to air particulate matter (PM): The case of Lombardy (Italy)

Bontempi

2020

Environmental Research

190

180

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“…It is observed that the HONO concentration is high during the nighttime due to the hydrolysis formation at high NO2 concentration and high RH and low during the daytime due to the photolysis reaction represented by the peak of O3. It is also seen that the concentration of HONO is quite close to that of the predicted HNO3 during the nighttime, suggesting that there could be the heterogeneous conversion of HNO3 on particle/ground surfaces under high NO concentrations as shown in Equation (8) below [66,70] as: NO + HNO3 ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ HONO + NO2 (8) It is noted that HNO3 could also be converted to HONO during the daytime due to the photolysis of surface-adsorbed HNO3/NO3, as shown in Equation (9) below [18,19]. Therefore, the difference between the prediction and the observation for HNO3 could be due to these conversion mechanisms which are not included in the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic equilibrium model.…”

Section: Isorropia-ii Thermodynamic Equilibrium Model Predictions Vermentioning

confidence: 58%

“…For example, SO 4 2− , NO 3 − , and NH 4 + ions accounted for 39% to 63% on the episode days and from 14.5% to 39% on the non-episode days in Taiwan [6]. These WSI species influence the hygroscopic nature, acidity properties, optical properties, and lifetime of PM 2.5 [7,8] in which SO 4 2− , NO 3 − , and NH 4 + ions are the secondary species mainly formed from the chemical reactions of precursor gases (NH 3 , HNO 3 , and H 2 SO 4 ) and nucleation and condensation processes [9]. For instance, up to 80% of NO 3 − and NH 4 + in PM 2.5 can be formed from precursor gases in the South Coast Air Basin in the USA [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Characterization of Atmospheric PM2.5 Inorganic Aerosols Using the Semi-Continuous PPWD-PILS-IC System and the ISORROPIA-II

Wang

Pui

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

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A semi-continuous monitoring system, a parallel plate wet denuder and particle into liquid sampler coupled with ion chromatography (PPWD-PILS-IC), was used to measure the hourly precursor gases and water-soluble inorganic ions in ambient particles smaller than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) for investigating the thermodynamic equilibrium of aerosols using the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic equilibrium model. The 24-h average PPWD-PILS-IC data showed very good agreement with the daily data of the manual 5 L/min porous-metal denuder sampler with R2 ranging from 0.88 to 0.98 for inorganic ions (NH4+, Na+, K+, NO3−, SO42−, and Cl−) and 0.89 to 0.98 for precursor gases (NH3, HNO3, HONO, and SO2) and slopes ranging from 0.94 to 1.17 for ions and 0.87 to 0.95 for gases, respectively. In addition, the predicted ISORROPIA-II results were in good agreement with the hourly observed data of the PPWD-PILS-IC system for SO42− (R2 = 0.99 and slope = 1.0) and NH3 (R2 = 0.97 and slope = 1.02). The correlation of the predicted results and observed data was further improved for NH4+ and NO3− with the slope increasing from 0.90 to 0.96 and 0.95 to 1.09, respectively when the HNO2 and NO2− were included in the total nitrate concentration (TN = [NO3−] + [HNO3] + [HONO] + [NO2−]). The predicted HNO3 data were comparable to the sum of the observed [HNO3] and [HONO] indicating that HONO played an important role in the thermodynamic equilibrium of ambient PM2.5 aerosols but has not been considered in the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic equilibrium model.

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“…Particulate matter is known to be able to enter the bronchus and alveoli in the pulmonary lungs (33). Particulate Matter can also enter through coronary arteries, the lymphatic system and can result in a seriousness in almost all organs and affect human health (34). Microorganisms of adequate size for inhalation (inhaleable) concentrations of Particulate Matter such as including fungi and bacteria will be a risk factor that can decrease health conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Matter as a Driven Factor Covid19 Transmission at Outdoor: Review

Firmansyah

Fadlillah

Pawitra

2020

JKL

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Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus) which attacks the respiratory tract, with mild to severe symptoms. The virus can infect the body through mucous membranes on the face with droplet transmission. Air pollution is thought to contribute to Covid19 events which can worsen the situation of people with Covid19. The aims of this literature review is to analyze Particulate Matter (PM) as environmental factors that contributes Covid19, so it is expected to be a study in terms of prevention and prevention in the field of environmental health. Discussion: PM is thought to have contributed to an increased risk of mortality and morbidity in Covid19 events. PM which has toxic properties can enter the lungs and affect the physiological condition of the lung organs. The findings regarding the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA strengthen the suspicion that PM plays a role in Covid19 transmission. Several studies have found that there is a relationship between PM and Covid19. PM2.5 which is smaller than PM10 has a higher ability to be a risk factor for ballast in Covid19. Conclusion: The results of this synthesis state that PM can be one of the driving factors of Covid19 transmission in air.

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Chemical and Biological Compositions Associated with Ambient Respirable Particulate Matter: a Review

Cited by 37 publications

References 113 publications

First data analysis about possible COVID-19 virus airborne diffusion due to air particulate matter (PM): The case of Lombardy (Italy)

First data analysis about possible COVID-19 virus airborne diffusion due to air particulate matter (PM): The case of Lombardy (Italy)

Characterization of Atmospheric PM2.5 Inorganic Aerosols Using the Semi-Continuous PPWD-PILS-IC System and the ISORROPIA-II

Particulate Matter as a Driven Factor Covid19 Transmission at Outdoor: Review

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