Chemical and biological investigations of <em>Syzygium aromaticum</em> L. essential oil from Benin

Abstract

The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from seeds of Syzygium aromaticum (Myrtaceae) growing in Benin was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Twenty-one components, which represented 99.4% of the total constituents of the oil were identified. The essential oil is rich in hydrocarbons monoterpenic. The major constituents found were eugenol (60.4%), trans-β-caryophyllene (24.0%). The oil extract revealed an important antiradical activity and a high antimicrobial activity.

Chemical composition, in-vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil

“…This result is in agreement with those of Guan et al [21] and Nana et al [22] who obtained 11.5% and 10.54%, respectively. Although, these results are different from those acquired by several study [23][24][25][26][27] with a yield varying from 0.18 to 7.6%.…”

“…In the present study the S. aromaticum essential oil exhibited a MBC varied from 5.45 to 10.9 mg/mL. A lower MBC was mentioned by Alitonou et al [24] with 3.12 mg/mL against E. coli ATCC 25922. Nazzaro et al [41] reported that "eugenol acts on bacteria by altering the cell membrane, affecting the transport of ions and ATP, and by changing the fatty acid profile of different bacteria".…”

“…Ayoola et al [23] have reported a low MIC (0.23 mg/mL) has been necessary for stopping the growth of E. coli ATCC35218. Likewise, Alitonou et al [24] showed a lower value of MIC of S. aromaticum essential oil against E. coli ATCC 25922, with concentration of 0.2 mg/mL. However, Prabuseenivasan et al [39] reported a higher concentration (> 1.6 mg/mL) for inhibits the growth of E. coli.…”

“…Several studies indicate that eugenol, β-caryophyllene and eugenyl acetate are the major compounds of the essential oil of S. aromaticum with varying percentages [24,26,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

Obtaining of the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum, identification of eugenol and its effect on Streptococcus mutans.

“…The traditional use of clove is supported by its many properties which have been described in numerous scientific reports highlighting its antioxidant, hypotensive, dental analgesic 3 , antibacterial 4 , antiinflammatory 5 and antifungal 6 activity, apart from the synergistic antimicrobial activity of the essential oil with other plants 7 which allows it to be considered with great potential for dental application 8,9 . The oral cavity is considered as an ecosystem.…”