Chemical and Engineering Factors Affecting Solar Central Receiver Applications of Ternary Molten Salts

Bradshaw, Robert W.; Tyner, C.E.

doi:10.2172/1545833

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…[14] This ranking is the same as that determined a number of years ago by a study of ternary molten nitrate salts for solar central receiver systems. [15] A recent study estimated the price of binary Solar Salt was to be 0.50 $/kg and that of a ternary nitrate eutectic mixture containing calcium nitrate to be 0.90 $/kg. [16] In comparison, the unit price of organic heat transfer oils is approximately $3-4 per kilogram.…”

Section: Cost Of Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that lithium nitrate may be more economical to prepare in large quantities by converting from lithium carbonate with nitric acid. [15] This conversion process could be accomplished at the solar power plant site. The price of lithium carbonate reportedly doubled in the past year due to demand as a precursor for lithium batteries.…”

Section: Cost Of Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molten Nitrate Salt Development for Thermal Energy Storage in Parabolic Trough Solar Power Systems

Bradshaw

Siegel

2008

ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Volume 2

101

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Thermal energy storage can enhance the utility of parabolic trough solar power plants by providing the ability to match electrical output to peak demand periods. An important component of thermal energy storage system optimization is selecting the working fluid used as the storage media and/or heat transfer fluid. Large quantities of the working fluid are required for power plants at the scale of 100-MW, so maximizing heat transfer fluid performance while minimizing material cost is important. This paper reports recent developments of multi-component molten salt formulations consisting of common alkali nitrate and alkaline earth nitrate salts that have advantageous properties for applications as heat transfer fluids in parabolic trough systems. A primary disadvantage of molten salt heat transfer fluids is relatively high freeze-onset temperature compared to organic heat transfer oil. Experimental results are reported for formulations of inorganic molten salt mixtures that display freeze-onset temperatures below 100°C. In addition to phase-change behavior, several properties of these molten salts that significantly affect their suitability as thermal energy storage fluids were evaluated, including chemical stability and viscosity. These alternative molten salts have demonstrated chemical stability in the presence of air up to approximately 500°C in laboratory testing and display chemical equilibrium behavior similar to Solar Salt. The capability to operate at temperatures up to 500°C may allow an increase in maximum temperature operating capability vs. organic fluids in existing trough systems and will enable increased power cycle efficiency. Experimental measurements of viscosity were performed from near the freeze-onset temperature to about 200°C. Viscosities can exceed 100 cP at the lowest temperature but are less than 10 cP in the primary temperature range at which the mixtures would be used in a thermal energy storage system. Quantitative cost figures of constituent salts and blends are not currently available, although, these molten salt mixtures are expected to be inexpensive compared to synthetic organic heat transfer fluids. Experiments are in progress to confirm that the corrosion behavior of readily available alloys is satisfactory for long-term use.

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Section: Cost Of Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cost Of Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molten Nitrate Salt Development for Thermal Energy Storage in Parabolic Trough Solar Power Systems

Bradshaw

Siegel

2008

ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Volume 2

101

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“…Molten salt and oil/rock storage cost estimatingequationswere developed as a function of thermal capacity with an adjustmentfactor for different storage media temperatureranges. Data sources were Arizona Public Service (1988) and DeLaquil,Kelly, and Egan (1988) for the molten salt, Bradshaw and Tyner (1988) for Hitec salt, and Williams et al (1987) for oil/rock. where C is the thermal capacity in MWht.…”

Section: Ground Rules and Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of diurnal thermal energy storage combined with cogeneration systems

Somasundaram¹,

Brown²,

Drost³

1992

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“…Therefore, potential vessel materials (usually stainless and carbon steel) have to be experimentally tested in order to establish their corrosion behaviour before being suitable for a TES system [10] [11]. The main expenses of these systems depend on both the employed structural material, such as steel, and the purity of the constituents used to prepare the molten salts batch, as large quantities of them are needed [12] [13]. Chloride, as NaCl and/or KClO4, is the main impurity, which can be present in concentrations up to approximately 1 wt% in commercial grades of the constituent salts [14], associated to pipe and tank corrosion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of corrosion by Dynamic Gravimetric Analysis (DGA) methodology. Influence of chloride content in solar salt

Prieto

Gallardo-González

Ruiz-Cabañas

et al. 2016

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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When a system for thermal energy storage (TES) is designed, many factors must be considered: storage time, dimensions, material to store heat, etc. Usually, molten salts are selected as TES materials because of their great thermal properties at high temperatures. When the whole TES system is going to be built, the material to be used for containing the thermal storage material becomes an important issue. It must have proper mechanical properties, withstand high temperatures and, above all, resist corrosion due to storage material, being in most of the cases, highly corrosive molten salt mixtures. To determine the corrosion on a metal plate, ASTM Standard-G1-03 procedure is usually applied, in which the corroded metal sample is submitted to several cycles including: attack by a chemical solution, washing, cleaning, drying, and weighing. In order to minimize the handling of the sample, a new methodology (Dynamic Gravimetric Analysis, DGA) has been developed and used to determine the corrosion produced in carbon steel A516Gr70 samples induced by different salt mixtures commonly used as molten salts containing different amounts of chloride, at working temperatures conditions. The results show that the higher is the content of chloride in molten salts the greater is the steel loss produced by corrosion and makes the corrosive kinetics to be highly increased when it is overtaken.

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Chemical and Engineering Factors Affecting Solar Central Receiver Applications of Ternary Molten Salts

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Molten Nitrate Salt Development for Thermal Energy Storage in Parabolic Trough Solar Power Systems

Molten Nitrate Salt Development for Thermal Energy Storage in Parabolic Trough Solar Power Systems

Evaluation of diurnal thermal energy storage combined with cogeneration systems

Study of corrosion by Dynamic Gravimetric Analysis (DGA) methodology. Influence of chloride content in solar salt

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