Chemical and Functional Diversity of Natural Products from Plant Associated Endophytic Fungi

Verma, Vijay C.; Kharwar, Ravindra N.; Strobel, Gary A.

doi:10.1177/1934578x0900401114

Cited by 128 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 126 publications

(145 reference statements)

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“…However, biology and ecology of most endophytes are not known but are assumed to vary according to host and environment [7,8,38]. A huge number of authors suggested that endophytes are good sources of novel secondary metabolites that possess antibacterial [37,65] antifungal [15,65] and anticancer properties [36]. In this study, the endophytic mycobiota of the medicinal plant Tinospora cordifolia Miers., was studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Season and Tissue Type Affect Fungal Endophyte Communities of the Indian Medicinal Plant Tinospora cordifolia More Strongly than Geographic Location

Mishra

Gond

Kumar³

et al. 2012

Microb Ecol

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112

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Season and Tissue Type Affect Fungal Endophyte Communities of the Indian Medicinal Plant Tinospora cordifolia More Strongly than Geographic Location

Mishra

Gond

Kumar³

et al. 2012

Microb Ecol

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112

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“…We hypothesised that if interactions between fungi occur within leaves, these may in turn have effects on insect feeding. Given that these interactions result in the production of a variety of metabolites (Verma et al 2009), we further hypothesised that generalist and specialist insects may respond in a different manner, depending on their reactions to secondary metabolites (Schoonhoven et al 2005). All previous studies of herbaceous endophytes and insects have used single species of fungi, yet in nature an insect may ingest leaf material that contains one, two or more species of endophyte, plus the chemicals that these fungi produce or induce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of foliar endophytic fungi on insect herbivores attacking a herbaceous plant

et al. 2011

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Foliar endophytic fungi appear to be ubiquitous in nature, occurring in a very wide range of herbaceous plants. However, their ecological role within forbs is very poorly known and interactions with foliar-feeding insects virtually unexplored. In this study, leaves of Cirsium arvense were infected with different combinations of endophyte fungi that had been previously isolated from this plant species. Two months later, leaf material was fed to larvae of a generalist insect, Mamestra brassicae, and adults of a specialist feeder, Cassida rubiginosa. Endophytes had different effects on the two insects; one species, Chaetomium cochliodes, reduced growth of M. brassicae but increased feeding by C. rubiginosa. Another species, Cladosporium cladosporioides, increased beetle feeding also, but had no effect on M. brassicae. Interactions were also seen between fungal species and dual infection with C. cladosporioides and Trichoderma viride greatly reduced beetle feeding. It is concluded that endophytes have significant effects on foliar feeding insects that differ with degree of specialism of the herbivore. We suggest that these effects are due to chemical changes in the host, brought about by fungal infection. These fungi have received remarkably little attention in the study of insect-plant interactions and yet could be important determinants of insect growth and even population dynamics.

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“…Endophytes are microorganisms that reside symbiotically to borderline pathogenically in virtually every plant without causing any externally apparent signs or symptoms of their presence [14,23,26]. In exchange for the host providing an appropriate environment for the endophyte, the fungal endophyte will produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that ward off pathogenic microorganisms [14,17,18,23,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In exchange for the host providing an appropriate environment for the endophyte, the fungal endophyte will produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that ward off pathogenic microorganisms [14,17,18,23,26]. Because of the production of VOCs, endophytes allow their host plants to withstand attacks by pathogens as well as harsh environments, including drought and salinity [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an Endophytic Gloeosporium sp. and Its Novel Bioactivity with “Synergistans”

et al. 2014

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Gloeosporium sp. (OR-10) was isolated as an endophyte of Tsuga heterophylla (Western hemlock). Both ITS and 18S sequence analyses indicated that the organism best fits either Hypocrea spp. or Trichoderma spp., but neither of these organisms possess conidiophores associated with acervuli, in which case the endophytic isolate OR-10 does. Therefore, the preferred taxonomic assignment was primarily based on the morphological features of the organism as one belonging to the genus Gloeosporium sp. These taxonomic observations clearly point out that limited ITS and 18S sequence information can be misleading when solely used in making taxonomic assignments. The volatile phase of this endophyte was active against a number of plant pathogenic fungi including Phytophthora palmivora, Rhizoctonia solani, Ceratocystis ulmi, Botrytis cinerea, and Verticillium dahliae. Among several terpenes and furans, the most abundantly produced compound in the volatile phase was 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one, a compound possessing antimicrobial activities. When used in conjunction with microliter amounts of any in a series of esters or isobutyric acid, an enhanced inhibitory response occurred with each test fungus that was greater than that exhibited by Gloeosporium sp. or the compounds tested individually. Compounds behaving in this manner are hereby designated "synergistans." An expression of the "median synergistic effect," under prescribed conditions, has been termed the mSE50. This value describes the amount of a potential synergistan that is required to yield an additional median 50% inhibition of a target organism. In this report, the mSE50s are reported for a series of esters and isobutyric acid. The results indicated that isoamyl acetate, allyl acetate, and isobutyric acid generally possessed the lowest mSE50 values. The value and potential importance of these microbial synergistic effects to the microbial environment are also discussed.

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Chemical and Functional Diversity of Natural Products from Plant Associated Endophytic Fungi

Cited by 128 publications

References 126 publications

Season and Tissue Type Affect Fungal Endophyte Communities of the Indian Medicinal Plant Tinospora cordifolia More Strongly than Geographic Location

Season and Tissue Type Affect Fungal Endophyte Communities of the Indian Medicinal Plant Tinospora cordifolia More Strongly than Geographic Location

Differential effects of foliar endophytic fungi on insect herbivores attacking a herbaceous plant

Characterization of an Endophytic Gloeosporium sp. and Its Novel Bioactivity with “Synergistans”

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