Chemical and mineralogical transformations accompanying the weathering of basic volcanic rocks from New South Wales

Craig, DC; Loughnan, F. C.

doi:10.1071/sr9640218

Cited by 96 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…The order of elemental mobility obtained by the present study is roughly similar to but slightly different from that previously established for basalt weathering which is Ca > Na > Mg > Si > Al > K > Fe > Ti (Craig and Loughnan, 1964;Coleman, 1980;Smith et al, 1987). The possible causes for this difference are different volcanic glass/primary mineral content ratio, mineralogy and the effect of vegetation.…”

Section: Fig 8 Variation Of the Al 2 O 3 Normarized Value For Each mentioning

confidence: 42%

An estimate of dissolution rate constant of volcanic glass in volcanic ash soil from the Mt. Fuji area, central Japan

2005

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Compositional and mineralogical (primary silicate minerals, volcanic glass, secondary minerals) properties of weathered basaltic ash soil ("Andisol") derived from Mt. Fuji, central Japan, with an age of ca. 6,000 y.B.P. to 240 y.B.P. were studied. X-ray fluorescence analysis indicates that the order of relative elemental mobilities during the weathering is Na, Ca > K > Mg > P > Si > Ti, Fe > Al > Mn.The trends of soil water chemistry (H 4 SiO 4 concentration) with depth were calculated based on a dissolution (volcanic glass)-precipitation (allophane) kinetics-fluid flow coupling model. In order to calculate the trends, the data on presentday annual rainfall, solubility of basalt glass, porosity and specific gravity of the soil, deposition rate of volcanic ash and grain size of volcanic glass were used. The calculated results were compared with analytical trends of soil water chemistry. From this comparison, the dissolution rate constant of basalt glass was estimated to be 10 -10.2±0.5 (mole Si m -2 s -1 ). This value is consistent with previously determined experimental long-term dissolution rate constant of basalt glass reported in the literature (Berger et al., 1994).

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Section: Fig 8 Variation Of the Al 2 O 3 Normarized Value For Each mentioning

confidence: 42%

An estimate of dissolution rate constant of volcanic glass in volcanic ash soil from the Mt. Fuji area, central Japan

2005

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“…(ii) It is worth noting that the soil clays investigated here belong to a clay weathering sequence that parallels a soil weathering sequence (Delvaux et al, 1989a) This clay sequence provides the opportunity to detail some of the steps causing, under humid tropical conditions, Fe-bearing 2 : 1 swelling clays to transform into 1 : 1 clays + Fe oxides (Craig & Loughnan, 1964;Kantor & Schwertmann, 1974;Velde, 1985). The intermediate steps of such a transformation consist of 1 : 1/2 : 1 mixed-layer clays in which the smectite content and layer charge both decrease as weathering proceeds.…”

Section: General Discussion and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface properties and clay mineralogy of hydrated halloysitic soil clays. II: Evidence for the presence of halloysite/smectite (H/Sm) mixed-layer clays

Delvaux¹,

Herbillon

Vielvoye

et al. 1990

Clay miner.

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A B S TRACT:Six clays from volcanic ash soils at different stages of weathering differ in their relative halloysite content with respect to kaolinite and several surface properties, namely CEC, and exchange selectivity for K +. These three parameters are related to each other in that they all decrease with increasing soil weathering stage. XRD data show that the hydrated 1 : 1 layer-silicates in these clays combine with smectite to form interstratified H/Sm clay minerals. In these mixed-layers, the content and layer charge of smectitic units decrease as the relative halloysite content in the clay decreases. These clays thus depict a weathering sequence that is parallel to the weathering sequence of the soils from which they originate. It is also shown that the smectites in the H/Sm minerals have the distinctive composition and ESR spectrum of Fe-rich 2:1 clay minerals belonging to the beidellite-nontronite series. The information obtained explains why these clays have high CEC and distinct affinities for K + . It is hoped that this study will help to clarify the controversy concerning the CEC and related surface properties attributed to hydrated halloysite.

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“…Volcanic glass is the most susceptible component of such rocks; it alters to palagonite. Almost as susceptible is olivine, which may alter to saponite or nontronite (Craig and Loughnan, 1964), or, after loss of magnesia and oxidation of iron, to hematite, maghemite, or goethite. Basalts in New South Wales studied by Craig and Loughnan (1964) show the mineral susceptibility sequence olivine > pyroxene> plagioclase > sanidine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weathering of Basalt: Changes in Rock Chemistry and Mineralogy

Eggleton

Foudoulis

Varkevisser

1987

Clays and clay miner.

238

116

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Abstract--The weathering of eastern Australian basalts, sampled from the rounded, hard, core-stone to the rind of softer weathered material, has been examined by bulk chemical analyses, thin section petrography, electron microprobe, and X-ray powder diffraction analyses. Using density as a measure of weathering intensity, data from four core-stones show that at a stage of weathering in which the total loss due to dissolution is I/3 (i.e., at the core-stone rim), the percentages lost of the following major elements are: Ca, 85; Mg, 80; Na, 70; K, 50-80; P, 55; Si, 45; Mn, 40; A1, 5; Fe, 0; and Ti, 0. With more intense weathering, deposition of some elements, particularly rare earths and Ba, and mobilization and deposition of A1 and Fe make quantification impossible. The rate of weathering of individual minerals is consistent with the well-known susceptibility series: glass ~ olivine > plagioclase > pyroxene > opaque minerals. Clay minerals in the core-stones are dominated by smectites, whereas those in the surrounding more intensely weathered rinds are dominated by halloysite and goethite.

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Chemical and mineralogical transformations accompanying the weathering of basic volcanic rocks from New South Wales

Cited by 96 publications

References 0 publications

An estimate of dissolution rate constant of volcanic glass in volcanic ash soil from the Mt. Fuji area, central Japan

An estimate of dissolution rate constant of volcanic glass in volcanic ash soil from the Mt. Fuji area, central Japan

Surface properties and clay mineralogy of hydrated halloysitic soil clays. II: Evidence for the presence of halloysite/smectite (H/Sm) mixed-layer clays

Weathering of Basalt: Changes in Rock Chemistry and Mineralogy

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