Chemical and morphological characterization of soot and soot precursors generated in an inverse diffusion flame with aromatic and aliphatic fuels

Santamarı́a, Alexander; Yang, Nancy Y. C.; Eddings, Eric G.; Mondragón, Fanor

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.09.016

Cited by 110 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Spectra are baseline corrected and shifted for clarity. The highly conjugated p-network of GLox and GL caused peak broadening in their ATR-IR spectra due to the overlapping of several vibrations in the 1000-1500 cm -1 range [88]. Both spectra exhibit bands at 1750-1650 cm -1 (ascribable to C=O stretching vibrations from carbonyl and carboxylic groups) and 1600-1500 cm -1 (skeletal vibration of the sp 2 graphitic domains).…”

Section: Experimental and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-Like Layers from Unconventional Carbon Sources: New Perspectives on Hybrid Materials and π-system Synergisms

Capua

Gargiulo

AlfГЁ

2016

Eurasian Chem. Tech. J.

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We developed a new approach for producing graphene-like (GL) materials through a two-steps oxidation/reduction method starting from a nanostructured (high surface) carbon black, a versatile carbonaceous material prone to be structurally and chemically modified in quite mild wet conditions. Atomic Force Microscopy and zetapotential measurements allowed to model the assembling mechanisms and the role of hydrophobic interactions, demonstrating the possibility to easily tune the surface morphology. GL materials have been then employed in a large variety of hybrid materials for innovative applications, and characterized by chemical, electrical, structural and spectroscopic techniques. With Metal-Organic Frameworks, GL produced conducting composites with electrical conductivity tunable by changing the concentration of the parent materials; Eumelanin/GL and TiO 2 -nanoparticles/GL were also studied for photocatalysis and biosensors applications.

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Section: Experimental and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-Like Layers from Unconventional Carbon Sources: New Perspectives on Hybrid Materials and π-system Synergisms

Capua

Gargiulo

AlfГЁ

2016

Eurasian Chem. Tech. J.

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“…Since this characteristic broad band is missing in the spectra of both wood tar and Lab-TB samples, the presence of the carboxylic groups in the samples was not confirmed. The FT-IR spectra of Lab-TBs also differ from those of soot: the band representative of the acetylenic group at 3300 cm −1 is absent in the spectra of TBs and the spectra of soot do not contain the bands of OH-stretching (Cain et al, 2010;Santamaría et al, 2006;Santamaria et al, 2010).…”

Section: O / C Molar Ratio O / C Molar Ratio H / C Molar Ratio (By Tementioning

confidence: 96%

Chemical characterization of laboratory-generated tar ball particles

Tóth

Hoffer²,

Pósfai

et al. 2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The chemical properties of laboratory-generated tar ball (Lab-TB) particles produced from dry distillate (wood tars) of three different wood species in the laboratory were investigated by analytical techniques that had never been used before for their characterization. The elemental compositions of laboratory-generated tar balls (LabTBs) from three tree species were very similar to one another and to those characteristic of atmospheric tar balls (TBs) collected from the savanna fire during the SAFARI 2000 sampling campaign. The O / C and H / C molar ratios of the generated Lab-TBs were at the upper limit characteristic of soot particles. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra of the generated Lab-TBs were very similar to one another as well and also showed some similarity with those of atmospheric humic-like substances (HULIS). The FT-IR measurements indicated that Lab-TBs have a higher proportion of aromatic structure than HULIS and the oxygen atoms of Lab-TBs are mainly found in hydroxyl and keto functional groups. Whereas Raman activity was detected in the starting materials of the Lab-TBs (wood tars) in the range of 1000-1800 cm −1 , the Raman spectra of TBs were dominated by two pronounced bands with intensity maxima near 1580 (G band) and 1350 cm −1 (D band), indicating the presence of sp 2 -hybridized carbon structures and disorder in them, respectively. In the Py-GC-MS chromatograms of the Lab-TBs mostly aromatic compounds (aromatic hydrocarbons, oxygenated aromatics and heterocyclic aromatics) were identified in accordance with the results of Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. According to organic carbon / elemental carbon (OC / EC) analysis using EUSAAR_2 thermal protocol, 22 % of the total carbon content of Lab-TBs was identified as EC, contrary to expectations based on the current understanding that negligible if any EC is present in this subfraction of the brown carbon family. Our results suggest that spherical atmospheric TBs with high C / O molar ratios are closer to BC in many of their properties than to weakly absorbing HULIS.

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“…Some of the primary species were bound tighter, as if agglomeration was just beginning. In numerous previous experimental studies, the primary particles covered by a film-like deposition with irregular shape were classified as nascent soot particles [37][38][39][40]. As a result, the particles observed in F2-F4 were considered as nascent soot particles which appeared to contain precursor-like material and were just beginning to carbonize.…”

Section: Effects Of Pentanol On the Nanostructure Of Nascent Sootmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructure and Oxidation Reactivity of Nascent Soot Particles in Ethylene/Pentanol Flames

Ying

Liu

et al. 2017

Energies

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Abstract:As byproducts of the combustion process of hydrocarbon fuels, soot particles are difficult to remove, and they can greatly harm human health and pollute the environment. Therefore, the formation and growth processes of the soot particles has become a study focus of researchers. In this paper, the nanostructure and oxidation reactivity of carbonaceous particles collected from ethylene inverse diffusion flames with or without the additions of three pentanol isomers (1-pentanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and 2-methyl-1-butanol) were investigated in detail. The nanostructure and oxidation characteristics of nascent soot particles were characterized using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found that the nascent soot cluster of pure ethylene flame had a loose structure, while the additions of pentanol isomers made the soot agglomerates more compact and delayed the growth of graphitic structures. The pentanol isomer additions also contributed to a higher disorder of the crystallite arrangement in the soot nanostructure. According to the TGA experiments, the results showed that the addition of pentanol isomers enhanced the oxidation reactivity of soot particles, which could help to reduce soot particle emissions.

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Chemical and morphological characterization of soot and soot precursors generated in an inverse diffusion flame with aromatic and aliphatic fuels

Cited by 110 publications

References 28 publications

Graphene-Like Layers from Unconventional Carbon Sources: New Perspectives on Hybrid Materials and π-system Synergisms

Graphene-Like Layers from Unconventional Carbon Sources: New Perspectives on Hybrid Materials and π-system Synergisms

Chemical characterization of laboratory-generated tar ball particles

Nanostructure and Oxidation Reactivity of Nascent Soot Particles in Ethylene/Pentanol Flames

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