Chemical and process mineralogical characterizations of spent lithium-ion batteries: An approach by multi-analytical techniques

Surface analysis of cobalt-enriched crushed products of spent lithium-ion batteries by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

“…However, the more consumption of LiBs means the more amount of scrap. In spent LiBs, the cobalt and lithium contents are 5-15 wt.% and 2-7 wt.% respectively, which are higher than those found in natural ores or even concentrated natural ores, and also have a potential hazard to the ecosystem and human health [5,6]. From the viewpoints of environmental preservation, recovery of major components or valuable resources, and provision of raw materials, the recycling of spent LiBs is highly desirable in either the present or the future [7][8][9].…”

Novel approach to recover cobalt and lithium from spent lithium-ion battery using oxalic acid

“…Potential factors affecting the leaching process include heating temperature, retention time, solid-liquid ratio, and blender's rotation rate [28]. In the result, the orthogonal experiment design were presented in Table S4 and Table S5 of SM.…”

Lithium Batteries Recycling

“…14 The discharging process might be performed using water containing iron powder 17 or batteries can be pressed to evoke short-circuits inside the battery while it is still closed. This discharging step can be performed by different methods.…”

“…8 A separation process involving the air and electromagnetic separation was proposed by Zhang et al 14 The crushed products of spent LiBs were divided by sieving into four fractions with particle sizes >2 mm, <2 and >0.5 mm, <0.5 and <0.075 mm, and <0.075 mm. Multistage crushing and sieving result in separation of the metal-bearing particles from the waste.…”