High lithium cycling efficiencies are required if a metal anode system is to be considered for use in Li-O 2 batteries. In this work electrolyte additives (0.3 M LiNO 3 and 0.14 M VC) were used to increase the efficiency from 25 to 82.5% in the topical DMSO based electrolyte. Furthermore, we show that oxygen also acts to improve the cycling efficiency to 87%. This work highlights the importance of anode considerations in the development of metal O 2 batteries in alternative solvents (DMSO, Acetonitrile and DMA) and suggests realistic strategies for performance improvements. The goal of a rechargeable Li-O 2 battery has stimulated many research studies in recent years. Practical estimates suggest that this system could provide a 2 to 5 times increase in energy density over current technologies.1-3 Ideal systems reduce oxygen during discharge (oxygen reduction reaction; ORR) forming of Li 2 O 2 which precipitates in the cathode architecture. Then on charging oxidize the Li 2 O 2 to form oxygen gas and lithium ions (oxygen evolution reaction; OER). The majority of studies have focused on lithium metal as the negative electrode (exceptions are silicon 4 or LiFePO 4 5 validation studies); here lithium metal is oxidized during discharge to form Li ions in solution which are then reduced back to metallic lithium on charge. The development of Li-O 2 batteries has been hampered by difficulties finding a stable electrolyte which allows these reactions to occur without accompanying decomposition.1,2,6,7 Many solvent systems have been investigated; with the majority of focus being on carbonates and ethers. However, carbonate solvents have been shown to have unstable cathode and anode performance. [8][9][10][11][12] Research into ether based solvents was initially more promising with the formation of Li 2 O 2 clearly demonstrated.13,14 However, sustained stable cycling has not been conclusively established. [15][16][17] This combined with the instability of ethers to Li 2 O 2 as well as auto-oxidation reactions suggests that this solvent system is also unrealistic. [18][19][20] Recently studies have demonstrated solvent stability during cycling in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), acetonitrile and N,Ndimethylacetamide (DMA) electrolytes. [21][22][23][24][25] However, these solvents are also known to be unstable in contact with lithium, therefor making the construction of real cells problematic.One of the most promising candidate electrolytes is dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). [23][24][25][26] However, the stability of the lithium metal electrode in contact with this electrolyte has been questioned (the effect of which is negated in proof of concept cells where a large excess of Li is used). This instability is because the reduction products of DMSO and the lithium salt do not form a stable passivation layer on the metal surface. In this short letter we aim to highlight the concept of using electrolyte additives which can participate in the formation of an effective SEI layer which will act to protect the surface of the lithium metal.The e...