Recent work shows that nanoparticulate and amorphous molybdenum and tungsten sulfide materials are active catalysts for hydrogen evolution in aqueous solution. These materials hold promise for applications in clean hydrogen production technologies. In this perspective, the syntheses, structures and catalytic activities of nanoparticulate MoS 2 and WS 2 , incomplete cubane-type [Mo 3 S 4 ] 4+ and amorphous MoS x films are summarized, compared, and discussed.