Chemical bond between chloride ions and surface carboxyl groups on activated carbon

Sun, Zengqing; Chai, Liyuan; Shu, Yu-de; Li, Qingzhu; Liu, Mingshi; Qiu, Dingfan

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.06.077

Cited by 40 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Note also that a similar difference between HCl and H 2 SO 4 has been reported for the Cr(VI) reduction by using an Au electrode [37]. The adverse effect of HCl acid on HCrO 4 − reduction may be due to the stronger Cl − anion adsorption on carbon [38] (i.e., competitive to HCrO 4 − adsorption), as well as to the low solubility of CrCl 3 , which may precipitate on the electrode surface, produced after the Cr(III) reaction with Cl − ions.…”

Section: Exploratory Voltammetry Using a Glassy Carbon Rotating Disc ...supporting

confidence: 70%

Combination of Thermal, Hydrometallurgical and Electrochemical Tannery Waste Treatment for Cr(III) Recovery

et al. 2021

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A combination of thermal (500–750 °C in air) and hydrometallurgical (acidic) treatments have been applied to dried tannery sludge, resulting in the initial conversion of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) and its subsequent leaching as wastewater with high Cr(VI) concentration content (3000–6000 mg/L), presenting an extraction efficiency over 90%. The optimal electrochemical conditions for the subsequent Cr(VI) reduction with respect to acid concentration and acid kind were established by applying appropriate rotating disc electrode (RDE) experiments, using a glassy carbon (GC) electrode, and found to be equal or higher than 0.5 M H2SO4 (for the respective Cr(III) concentration range studied). The result from leaching Cr(VI) wastewater was further treated in small electrochemical bench-scale reactor for its conversion back to Cr(III) form, potentially reusable in the tanning industry. Ti-based anodes and a reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) cathode were used to treat small (350–800 mL) samples in batch, as well as in batch-recirculation prototype electrochemical reactors, under the application of constant current or appropriately applied potential to achieve Cr(VI) conversion/reduction efficiency over 95%.

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Section: Exploratory Voltammetry Using a Glassy Carbon Rotating Disc ...supporting

confidence: 70%

Combination of Thermal, Hydrometallurgical and Electrochemical Tannery Waste Treatment for Cr(III) Recovery

et al. 2021

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“…In all of the measurements, a band of O-H stretching vibrations exists between 3200-3600 cm −1 . This band is related to the surface carboxylic groups and chemisorb water [17,18]. The adsorption bands at 1700 and in the 1570-1620 range, which were observed in all the catalyst analyses, are likely due to the stretching vibrations of C=O in carboxylic, ester lactones, quinone and radical structures [7,17,19,20].…”

Section: Infrared (Ir) Spectroscopy Analysismentioning

confidence: 81%

“…In the range of 1380-1470 cm −1 carboxyl carbonate structures absorption hydroxyl groups, C=C-H structures and C-N vibrations can show up as the nitric acid-treated AF 5 [10,17]. The absorption sharp band at 1076-1014 cm −1 in sulfuric acid-treated AF 5 can be due to the C-O stretching band generated by the sulfuric acid oxidation process [18,23]. Also, the band at 590 cm −1 appeared in the sulfuric acid-treated AF 5 is related to the sulfate and bisulfate ions [24].…”

Section: Infrared (Ir) Spectroscopy Analysismentioning

confidence: 95%

“…For all of the AF 5 samples investigated, three forms of oxygen peaks can be found including: (1) oxygen peak in quinone-like structures observed at 530.8-531.3 eV [6,25], (2) carbonyl oxygen peaks in ester and anhydrides observed at 532.4-532.6 eV [6,25,26], and (3) non-carbonyl oxygen atoms in ester and anhydrides which were found at 533.4-533.7 eV [6,10,25,26]. C-O stretching band generated by the sulfuric acid oxidation process [18,23]. Also, the band at 590 cm −1 appeared in the sulfuric acid-treated AF 5 is related to the sulfate and bisulfate ions [24].…”

Section: Surface Analysis By Xpsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Effect of Surface Modification with Different Acids on the Functional Groups of AF 5 Catalyst and Its Catalytic Effect on the Atmospheric Leaching of Enargite

Jahromi

Ghahreman

2019

Colloids and Interfaces

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Carbon-based catalysts can assist the oxidative leaching of sulfide minerals. Recently, we presented that AF 5 Lewatit® is among the catalysts with superior enargite oxidation capacity and capability to collect elemental sulfur on its surface. Herein, the effect of acid pre-treatment of the AF 5 catalyst was studied on the AF 5 surface, to further enhance the catalytic properties of AF 5. The AF 5 catalyst was pretreated by hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid. The results showed that the acid treatment drastically changes the surface properties of AF 5. For instance, the concentration of quinone-like functional groups, which are ascribed to the catalytic properties of AF 5, is 45.4% in the sulfuric acid pre-treatment AF 5 and only 29.8% in the hydrochloric acid-treated AF 5. Based on the C 1s X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results the oxygenated carbon is 30.6% in the sulfuric acid-treated AF 5, 29.2% in the nitric acid-treated AF 5 and 28.3% in the hydrochloric acid-treated AF 5. The nitric acid pre-treated AF 5 resulted in the highest copper recovery during the oxidative enargite leaching process, recovering 98.8% of the copper. The sulfuric acid-treated AF 5 recovered 97.1% of the enargite copper into the leach solution. Among different leaching media and pre-treatment the lowest copper recovery was achieved with the HCl pre-treated AF 5 which was 88.6%. The pre-treatment of AF 5 with acids also had modified its elemental sulfur adsorption capacity, where the sulfur adsorption on AF 5 was increased from 30.9% for the HCl treated AF 5 to 51.1% for the sulfuric acid-treated AF 5.

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“…with Ca, Si, S, and P. Meanwhile, XRF analysis of activated carbon treated with 2 N HCl showed that Cl was the highest content, which resulted from 24 hours acid-washed by HCl solution, and also hydrogen bonding between Cl À and the surface of activated carbon, although the bonding was poor. [35][36][37] Aer Cl content, the chemical composition in the activated carbon followed with Si, S, K, Ca, and Fe. Based on the XRF analysis, heat treatment and acid wash could reduce ash content (Ca, K, and P) of activated carbon, which were impurities of the activated carbon.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The removal of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol ester and glycidyl ester from refined-bleached and deodorized palm oil using activated carbon

et al. 2021

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Chemical bond between chloride ions and surface carboxyl groups on activated carbon

Cited by 40 publications

References 28 publications

Combination of Thermal, Hydrometallurgical and Electrochemical Tannery Waste Treatment for Cr(III) Recovery

Combination of Thermal, Hydrometallurgical and Electrochemical Tannery Waste Treatment for Cr(III) Recovery

Effect of Surface Modification with Different Acids on the Functional Groups of AF 5 Catalyst and Its Catalytic Effect on the Atmospheric Leaching of Enargite

The removal of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol ester and glycidyl ester from refined-bleached and deodorized palm oil using activated carbon

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