Chemical changes in an oxisol treated with pyroligneous acid

Abstract

The use of pyroligneous acid (PA), a by-product of charcoal production, is an ancient practice applied in agriculture to control soil and plant pests and diseases. However, little is known about the chemical alterations that this product may cause on treated soil. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the effect of PA concentrations on soil ions movement and to verify possible soil chemical properties changes. Detachable columns were filled with Oxisol, submitted to application of 5 PA concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4, 8% v/v), followed by water infiltration in an amount corresponding to 1.5 times the soil total pore volume, and evaluated the soil of four depths (0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40cm) and the leachate. The use of pyroligneous acid in concentrations up to 2 % (v/v) induces only slight decrease of k, Mg, basis saturation and total cation exchange capacity, in the 0-20 cm soil layer. The application of 4 % (v/v) and 8 % (v/v) pyroligneous acid induces severe increase on the potential acidity, and the decrease on the pH, basis saturation, total cation exchange capacity, and Ca concentration, in the layer of 0-20 cm soil. The P and K concentration reduces in the 0-20 cm soil layer by increasing from 1% to 8% the concentration of pyroligneous acid solution applied on soil surface. By increasing the PA concentration applied on the soil, there is increase of acidity, organic matter, P, K, Ca, and Mg, and decrease of sulfate in the leachate.Index terms: Soil fertility, leaching, wood vinegar. RESUMOO uso do extrato pirolenhoso (PA), um produto obtido pela condensação dos gases oriundos da fabricação de carvão vegetal, é uma prática antiga aplicada na agricultura para controlar as pragas e doenças do solo e das plantas. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre as alterações químicas que esse produto pode causar no solo tratado. Assim, este trabalho teve o objetivo de estudar o efeito da aplicação de PA na movimentação de íons no perfil do solo e alterações nas suas propriedades químicas. Colunas desmontáveis foram preenchidas com Latossolo e submetidas à aplicação de 5 concentrações de PA (0, 1, 2, 4 e 8 % v/v), seguidas de infiltração com água equivalente a 1,5 vezes o volume dos poros e, posteriormente, analisado o solo de 4 profundidades (0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 cm), bem como o lixiviado. Verificou-se que a aplicação de 4 %(v/v) e 8 %(v/v) de PA induz aumento na acidez potencial, bem como diminuição do pH, da saturação de bases, da capacidade total de troca de cations e da concentração de Ca na camada de 0-20 cm do solo. A concentração de P e K reduz na camada de 0-20 cm à medida que se aumenta de 1% a 8% a concentração de PA aplicado no solo. Ao aumentar a concentração de PA aplicado ao solo, também ocorre o aumento da acidez, de matéria orgânica, P, K, Ca e Mg, e redução de sulfato no lixiviado. Termos para indexação:Fertilidade do solo, lixiviação, vinagre de madeira.

Distilled pyroligneous liquor obtained from Eucalyptus grandis and chitosan: physicochemical properties of the solution and films

“…Due to its antimicrobial activity, PL also has been used for veterinary and agricultural purposes. It has a fertilizing effect on some plants and presents nematocidal, fungicidal, and insecticidal action in the control of pests and plant diseases, and the remediation of soils (Silva and Rodrigues 2014;Silva et al 2017;Theapparat et al 2015;Togoro et al 2014). Melo et al (2017) found promising results in using pyroligneous liquor for the integrated management of plant diseases.…”

Chemical Composition of Pyroligneous Acid Obtained from Eucalyptus GG100 Clone

“…Agricultural uses of PA date back to the 1930s in Japan, when the product started to be applied as an antifungal and antibacterial agent on crops [ 12 ]. A large number of papers and technical reports show the undeniable efficiency of PA for soil conditioning [ 14 , 15 , 16 ] and for pest control in pure form or combined with conventional pesticides [ 4 , 12 , 17 , 18 ]. Additionally, PA has been successfully used to control fungal and bacterial diseases in plants [ 14 , 19 ] and as a herbicide [ 16 ].…”

“…A large number of papers and technical reports show the undeniable efficiency of PA for soil conditioning [ 14 , 15 , 16 ] and for pest control in pure form or combined with conventional pesticides [ 4 , 12 , 17 , 18 ]. Additionally, PA has been successfully used to control fungal and bacterial diseases in plants [ 14 , 19 ] and as a herbicide [ 16 ]. Finally, PA is used as a plant growth enhancer, significantly stimulating the development of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, tubers and fruits, and also improving the sweet taste of fruits [ 14 , 20 ].…”

Antibacterial and antifungal activities of pyroligneous acid from wood of Eucalyptus urograndis and Mimosa tenuiflora

“…The following effects and properties are reported: soil conditioning; favouring the development of microbiota (Yoshimoto ; Steiner ; Togoro et al . ); use of plant pest control and management, pure (Tiilikkala et al . ) or in combination with conventional pesticides (Busoli et al .…”

“…PA has been well established for agricultural use in Japan and China since the 1930 decade (Tiilikkala et al 2010). The following effects and properties are reported: soil conditioning; favouring the development of microbiota (Yoshimoto 1994;Steiner 2008;Togoro et al 2014); use of plant pest control and management, pure (Tiilikkala et al 2010) or in combination with conventional pesticides (Busoli et al 2004;Thuler et al 2007;Kim et al 2008); appliance of PA in plant diseases caused by bacteria or fungus (Yoshimoto 1994;Jung, 2007;Payamara 2011). Also, the use of PA is cited as a plant growth enhancer, stimulating significantly the development of roots, stems, leaves, flower, tubers and fruits; and likewise improving the sweet taste of the latter (Yoshimoto 1994;Zulkarami et al 2011;Kang et al 2012); and moreover as a herbicide (Tiilikkala et al 2010).…”